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WorksheetsEarth Science Final Exam Review
Total questions: 128
Worksheet time: 3hrs 35mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is most responsible for the presence of groundwater in an area?
a)
the movement of water from a confined aquifer into surface water
b)
the movement of surface water and precipitation through soil and rock
c)
the movement of water from streams and rivers to watersheds
d)
the movement of surface water through impermeable rock
2.
Which is the most common contamination source for freshwater resources?
a)
runoff
b)
digging wells
c)
melting of glaciers
d)
lightning
3.
Why does Earth experience precession?
a)
Because the Earth revolves around the sun every 365 days
b)
Because of the movement of the circumpolar stars and Polaris
c)
Because the Earth is the third planet from the sun
d)
Because the plane of the moon’s orbit is tilted from the Earth’s elliptical plane
4.
If it is summer in the northern hemisphere, which statement is true?
a)
Earth has changed the tilt of its axis by 20 degrees due to its revolution.
b)
It is winter in the southern hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth's axis.
c)
It is summer in the southern hemisphere due to the tilt of Earth's axis.
d)
Earth has reached its closest point to the sun due to its revolution.
5.
Which describes the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
a)
Nuclear fission is the process that produces the radiant energy of stars, and nuclear fusion splits a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei.
b)
Nuclear fission splits a heavier nucleus into smaller nuclei, and nuclear fusion is the process that produces the radiant energy of stars.
c)
Nuclear fission produces the energy in the core of Earth, and nuclear fusion produces energy in nuclear power plants.
d)
Nuclear fission produces energy in nuclear power plants, and nuclear fusion produces the energy in the core of Earth.
6.
How does heat from the sun get to Earth?
a)
by radiation, using electromagnetic waves to transfer heat
b)
by convection, using liquids and gases to transfer the heat
c)
by conduction, using solids to transfer the heat
d)
by absorption, using primary waves to transfer the heat
7.
How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact an environment?
a)
by increasing oxygen production
b)
by increasing soil formation
c)
by increasing transpiration
d)
by increasing erosion
8.
Why are ocean currents important to coastal regions?
a)
They produce high and low tides along coastal regions.
b)
They can warm or cool the air temperature along coastal regions.
c)
They move vertically pushing warm water and nutrients to the surface along coastal regions.
d)
They increase the rate of precipitation as cold water moves along coastal regions.
9.
In which atmospheric layer of Earth do thunderstorms occur?
a)
thermosphere
b)
mesosphere
c)
stratosphere
d)
troposphere
10.
Which statement describes the general movement of air masses?
a)
They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
b)
They move from areas of high altitude to areas of low altitude.
c)
They move from areas of low humidity to areas of high humidity.
d)
They move from areas of low temperature to areas of high temperature.
11.
Which contributes to the formation of hurricanes during the late summer?
a)
the interaction between ocean water salinity and warm air masses
b)
the interaction between ocean water currents and polar air masses
c)
the interaction between water temperatures and warm air masses
d)
the interaction between ocean water salinity and ocean water density
12.
Which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer of Earth?
a)
coal-fired power plants
b)
vehicle exhaust
c)
burning compost
d)
aerosols
13.
How is climate different from weather?
a)
Climate is constantly changing, whereas weather changes slowly over time.
b)
Climate influences people's daily activities, whereas weather influences people's seasonal activities.
c)
Climate refers to the atmopsheric conditions on a given date, whereas weather refers to the atmospheric conditions during a given season.
d)
Climate is based on observations made for a region over several years, whereas weather is based on day-to-day observations made for a region.
14.
Which best describes how metamorphic rock is formed?
a)
rock melts into magma, then cools
b)
water evaporates, leaving behind small particles of rock
c)
rocks change into new types of rock due to heat and pressure
d)
pieces of rock, plants, and other materials get pressed together, forming layers
15.
Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?
a)
compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition
b)
compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation
compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation
c)
weathering, deposition, cementation, burial
d)
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction
16.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
17.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
18.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
19.
Associated with transform boundaries.
a)
Volcanoes
b)
mountains
c)
trenches
d)
earthquakes
20.
Letter C is pointing to the ...
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
inner core
d)
outer core
21.
When magma is cooled and solidified it becomes what type of rock?
a)
igneous
b)
metamorphic
c)
sedimentary
d)
conglomerate
22.
An earthquake is caused by a crack in the crust called a __________.
a)
fault
b)
dam
c)
plates
d)
transform
23.
Where does most fresh water exist?
a)
ice caps, lakes, and streams
b)
glaciers, rivers, and oceans
c)
aquifers, ice caps, and glaciers
24.
Which best explains what happens to nutrients in the ocean as a result
of upwelling?
of upwelling?
a)
Upwelling carries nutrients to coral reefs.
b)
Upwelling carries nutrients to the ocean bottom.
c)
Upwelling carries nutrients to the intertidal zone.
d)
Upwelling carries nutrients to the surface of the ocean.
25.
How much of the earth's water is freshwater?
a)
50 %
b)
3 %
c)
97 %
d)
93 %
26.
Which of the following is caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun?
a)
ocean waves
b)
ocean tides
c)
ocean currents
27.
According to the graph below, what happens to the density of a substance as its salinity increases (as you move up on the y-axis)? (Helpful tip: pick at least 2 salinities and find their densities on the graph. Compare.)
a)
As salinity increases, density stays the same.
b)
As salinity increases, density decreases.
c)
As salinity increases, density also increases.
28.
When water goes from being a liquid to a gas (water vapor), that process is called
a)
Condensation
b)
Evaporation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Transpiration
29.
Which air pollution is human induced?
a)
Sea salt
b)
Dust
c)
Fossil fuel burning
d)
Bolide impact
30.
Air pressure is expressed on maps using _______.
a)
Contour lines
b)
Thermalbars
c)
Isobars
d)
Isoparabolic intervals
31.
Why is it necessary to limit the release of CFCs into the atmosphere?
a)
They are causing increases in acid rain
b)
They increase CO2 levels
c)
They are destroying the ozone layer
d)
They increase greenhouse gas build-up
32.
Which gas makes up the largest component of Earth's atmosphere?
a)
oxygen
b)
nitrogen
c)
argon
d)
carbon dioxide
33.
A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air is called what?
a)
Rigidity
b)
Moisture
c)
Humidity
d)
Fog
34.
This type of cloud is associated with violent thunderstorms and is the largest type of cloud.
a)
cirrus
b)
cumulus
c)
nimbostratus
d)
cumulonimbus
35.
This type of cloud is thin and wispy and is found high up in the atmosphere
a)
altocumulus
b)
cirrus
c)
cumulonimbus
d)
stratus
36.
The Green House effects help explain_________.
a)
Depletion of the ozone
b)
Acid Rain
c)
Global warming
37.
This is the symbol for which type of front?
a)
cold front
b)
warm front
c)
occluded front
d)
stationary front
38.
This is the symbol for which type of front?
a)
cold front
b)
warm front
c)
stationary front
d)
occluded front
39.
Which type of air would you find at air mass B?
a)
cold, dry
b)
warm, humid
c)
warm, dry
d)
cold, humid
40.
A wet, cold air mass would be -
a)
maritime tropical
b)
maritime polar
c)
continental tropical
d)
continental polar
41.
What is molten rock that has formed deep within the Earth?
a)
Hot Spot
b)
Magma
c)
Lava
d)
Volcano
42.
The volcanoes on the Hawaiian Islands form due to which of the following?
a)
Divergent Boundary
b)
Hot Spot
c)
Subduction Boundary
d)
Transform Boundary
43.
The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form
a)
a hot spot
b)
a part of the mid-ocean ridge
c)
an island arc
d)
a subducting plate
44.
A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways is called:
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
45.
Where is the point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake?
a)
Epicenter
b)
Focus
c)
Fault
d)
Plate
46.
Which type of wave is the first to arrive after an earthquake occurs?
a)
P Wave
b)
Rayleigh Wave
c)
S Wave
d)
Shear Wave
47.
When do equinoxes occur?
a)
mid summer and winter
b)
mid spring and fall
c)
the beginning of summer and winter
d)
the beginning of spring and fall
48.
Which is a natural source of greenhouse gases?
a)
aerosols
b)
deforestation
c)
volcanic eruptions
d)
burning fossil fuels
49.
Which of these negative effects is most likely to occur because of global warming?
a)
rising sea levels
b)
shorter growing seasons
c)
increased volcanic eruptions
d)
falling sea levels
50.
Climates are classified by ____
a)
plants and animals
b)
altitude and latitude
c)
bodies of water and ocean currents
d)
temperature and precipitation
51.
The Earth takes about __________________ hours to complete one rotation of its axis.
a)
12
b)
24
c)
14
d)
28
52.
What is earth's revolution?
a)
When earth orbits around the sun
b)
When earth bounces
c)
When the sun spins around the earth
d)
When the earth spins on it's axis
53.
What causes day and night?
a)
revolution of Earth
b)
rotation of Earth
c)
orbit of Earth
d)
The moon blocks the Sun
54.
Fusion is
a)
the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into two or more smaller ones
b)
the joining of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus
55.
The wobble in Earth's rotation caused by the gravitational pull of the moon is called
a)
barycenter
b)
precession
c)
nutation
d)
convection
56.
The wobble in Earth's rotation caused by the gravitational pull of the moon is called
a)
barycenter
b)
precession
c)
nutation
d)
convection
57.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
58.
When a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit is
a)
the axis
b)
the perihelion
c)
the center
d)
the Sun
59.
Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)
a)
circle
b)
ellipse
c)
focus
d)
perihelion
60.
What are the reasons for the season?
a)
Earth's tilt & rotation
b)
Earth's tilt & revolution
c)
Earth's rotation & rovolution
d)
Earth's tilt & resolution
61.
Where on Earth can you experience entire days of darkness?
a)
The equator
b)
The poles
c)
The Tropic of Cancer
d)
The Tropic of Capricorn
62.
Why does the area around the equator stay the same temperature all year?
a)
The equator rotates slower than the poles.
b)
The equator remains the same distance from the sun.
c)
The equator always receives direct sunlight.
d)
The equator has 18 hour days.
63.
What type of tides would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?
a)
neap tide
b)
spring tide
c)
new moon tide
d)
full moon tide
64.
If tides alternate from high to low and there are two of each type of tide a day, about how many hours will generally be between each different tide?
a)
2 hours
b)
6 hours
c)
12 hours
d)
24 hours
65.
Which body has the greater effect on Earth's tides?
a)
Sun
b)
Saturn
c)
Moon
d)
Venus
66.
How does the sun creates energy?
a)
fusion of Hydrogen nuclei to Helium in the core of the sun
b)
fission of Hydrogen nuclei to Helium in the core of the sun
c)
Fusion of Helium nuclei to Hydrogen in the core of the sun
67.
If the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment, what does this diagram represent?
a)
first quarter moon
b)
new moon
c)
lunar eclipse
d)
solar eclipse
68.
How long does it take the moon to complete an orbit around Earth?
a)
23 days
b)
29 days (1 month)
c)
2 weeks (half a month)
d)
365 days (a year)
69.
What is the Earth's tilt in degrees?
a)
25.3 degrees
b)
32.5 degrees
c)
28.5 degrees
d)
23.5 degrees
70.
High tide and low tide are caused by:
a)
Only the sun's gravitational pull
b)
The Earth's tilt on its axis
c)
The gravitation pull of the moon
d)
the movement of ocean waves
71.
Tectonic plates are made up of continental crust and ________ crust.
a)
continental
b)
oceanic
c)
plates
d)
mantle
72.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?
a)
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
b)
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
c)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
d)
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
73.
This layer of Earth is solid Iron and Nickel
a)
Outer Core
b)
Mantle
c)
Inner Core
d)
Crust
74.
Scientists have classified Earth's interior into zones shown based primarily on evidence gained by studying...
a)
deep drill cores
b)
volcanic eruptions
c)
gravity measurements
d)
earthquake seismic waves
75.
Which best describes a major characteristics of both volcanoes and earthquakes?
a)
They are centered at the poles.
b)
They are located along plate boundaries.
c)
They are related to the formation of glaciers.
d)
They are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere.
76.
This type of plate collision involves subduction, deep ocean trenches and volcanic mountains:
a)
continental-continental collisions
b)
divergent boundary
c)
oceanic-oceanic collisions
d)
ridge-push
77.
How are mountains formed?
a)
continental-continental collision
b)
oceanic-oceanic collision
c)
oceanic-continental collision
d)
volcanic-earthquake collision
78.
Divergent boundaries move...
a)
apart from each other
b)
toward each other
c)
North
d)
South
79.
Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Extrusive
80.
Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Organic
d)
Metamorphic
81.
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
a)
Melting and cooling
b)
Extreme heat and pressure
c)
Compaction and cementation
d)
Weathering and erosion
82.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
83.
Fossils are often found in ____________ because it is formed from the remains of once living things.
a)
metamorphic
b)
magma
c)
igneous
d)
sedimentary
84.
Sediment being dropped off and laid to rest
a)
Deposition
b)
Erosion
c)
Weathering
d)
Lithification
85.
What causes magma to form?
a)
A rise in temperature
b)
A change in the rock's composition
c)
A decrease of pressure
d)
All of the above
86.
What is this a picture of?
a)
plate tectonics
b)
continental drift
c)
pangea
d)
glacier scaring
87.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
88.
What is the force that moves the continents?
a)
Conduction
b)
Convection
c)
Radiation
d)
Conveyor belts
89.
What is a transform boundary?
a)
where plates move into each other
b)
where plates are moving away form each other
c)
where plates move past each other
d)
area where plate slips under another plate
90.
What is a convergent boundary?
a)
where plates move into each other
b)
where plates are moving away form each other
c)
where plates move past each other
d)
area where plate slips under another plate
91.
A deep valley that forms along a divergent boundary.
a)
rift valley
b)
canyon
c)
mid-ocean ridge
d)
ocean valley
92.
What would you be most likely to find at a convergent boundary between a continental and oceanic plate?
a)
Mountains
b)
Volcanoes
c)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
d)
Rift
93.
A form of ductile strain in which rock layers bend is called a...
a)
fault
b)
isostasy
c)
fold
d)
bend
94.
Identify the image
a)
monocline
b)
syncline
c)
anticline
95.
Identify the image
a)
monocline
b)
anticline
c)
syncline
96.
Look at the picture of compression stress. What does it do to the rocks?
a)
push together
b)
pull apart
c)
slide back and forth
97.
What is the measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake?
a)
Earthquake
b)
Epicenter
c)
Magnitude
d)
Seismogram
98.
A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways is called:
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
99.
Which scale measures the intensity of the ground movement?
a)
Mercalli Scale
b)
Richter Scale
c)
Seismogram Scale
d)
Bernoulli Scale
100.
What is the resistance of a liquid, such as lava, to flow?
a)
Elasticity
b)
Pyroclasticity
c)
Silica
d)
Viscosity
101.
Why is MOST of the freshwater on Earth not available for our use?
a)
All freshwater on Earth is easily accessible for use.
b)
It is frozen in the icecaps and glaciers.
c)
It is surface water.
d)
It is underground.
102.
Study the graph below. What is the dissolved solid that is most commonly found in Earth's oceans?
a)
calcium
b)
magnezium
c)
sulfur
d)
sodium chloride (salt)
103.
Certain stages of the water cycle are most likely occurring under certain weather conditions. Which stage is most likely going to occur on a warm, sunny day?
a)
precipitation
b)
condensation
c)
evaporation
104.
Where does most fresh water exist?
a)
ice caps, lakes, and streams
b)
glaciers, rivers, and oceans
c)
aquifers, ice caps, and glaciers
105.
Which best explains what happens to nutrients in the ocean as a result
of upwelling?
of upwelling?
a)
Upwelling carries nutrients to coral reefs.
b)
Upwelling carries nutrients to the ocean bottom.
c)
Upwelling carries nutrients to the intertidal zone.
d)
Upwelling carries nutrients to the surface of the ocean.
106.
How much of the earth's water is freshwater?
a)
50 %
b)
3 %
c)
97 %
d)
93 %
107.
Ocean's cover what percent of the Earth's surface?
a)
70 %
b)
60 %
c)
10 %
d)
none of the above
108.
All the water on, in , and surrounding the earth
a)
Atmosphere
b)
Hydrosphere
c)
Biosphere
d)
Lithosphere
109.
The process that cycles water around Earth and it's atmosphere is called
a)
The Natural Cycle
b)
The Carbon Cycle
c)
The Water Cycle
110.
Trees and plants releasing water vapor into the air is called
a)
Transpiration
b)
Precipitation
c)
Evaporation
d)
Condensation
111.
How does the warm waters of the Gulf Stream affect the climate in North Carolina?
a)
It makes it colder and drier
b)
It makes it warmer and wetter
c)
It makes it colder and wetter
d)
It makes it warmer and drier
112.
The name of the area that is the upper level of the zone of saturation:
a)
Zone of Saturation
b)
Zone of Aeration
c)
Water Table
113.
During a portion of the water cycle, water falls to Earth’s surface as precipitation. Some of this water runs off into channels and keeps moving until it ends up in the ocean.
Which BEST describes the water in the channels?
Which BEST describes the water in the channels?
a)
lake
b)
river
c)
aquifer
d)
wetland
114.
What part of the water cycle does this picture show?
a)
condensation
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
115.
Groundwater is _________ that enters a watershed and is absorbed into the soil.
a)
Snow
b)
Precipitation
c)
Run-off
d)
Saturated
116.
Where you will find the ozone layer.
a)
stratosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
exosphere
d)
mesosphere
117.
Where weather occurs.
a)
stratosphere
b)
thermosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
mesosphere
118.
The most common gas in the atmosphere (78%).
a)
Nitrogen
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Trace gases
119.
What two gases are found throughout all layers of the atmosphere?
a)
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide
b)
Nitrogen and oxygen
c)
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
Trace gases and water vapor
120.
What happens to the air pressure the higher up in space you go?
a)
the air pressure increases
b)
the air pressure decreases
c)
the air pressure stays the same
d)
there is no air pressure
121.
What gas is important for weather to occur in the troposphere?
a)
Argon
b)
water vapor (H2O)
c)
nitrogen (N)
d)
trace gases
122.
What is the function of the ozone layer?
a)
to allow UV rays to get to Earth
b)
to block UV rays from getting to Earth
c)
To keep oxygen in
d)
to allow meteors to get to Earth
123.
Which two gases are important for weather conditions; found in the Troposphere?
a)
nitrogen and oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide and water vapor
c)
argon and nitrogen
d)
argon and water vapor
124.
What does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere do?
a)
it absorbs heat energy
b)
it provides a place for water vapor to condense
c)
it absorbs harmful uv radiation
d)
It protects from the solar wind
125.
Pressure is the effect of
a)
the weight of all the air above pressing down
b)
water vapor in the atmosphere
c)
greenhouse gases
d)
solar radiation
126.
As you increase altitude within the troposphere, temperature
a)
increases, this is due to that the Earth radiates the heat back to space
b)
decreases, this is due to that the Earth radiates the heat back towards space
c)
stays the same
d)
does not change
127.
The layer above the troposphere is called?
a)
Mesosphere
b)
Thermosphere
c)
Troposphere
d)
Stratosphere
128.
The stratosphere is important because
a)
it has an ozone layer, within which it protects life from infrared radiation which would otherwise cause us to burn.
b)
it has an ozone layer, within which it protects life from ultra-violet radiation which would otherwise cause us to burn.
c)
it burns up meteors.
d)
contains the aurora borealis.
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