WorksheetsUnit E: Geologic Time
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 2hrs 25mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the approximate percentage of geologic time that humans have existed on Earth since its origin? 人類在地球上存在的地質時間百分比是多少？
a)
1.8%
b)
Less than 1%
c)
11.8%
d)
More than 25%
2.
Volcanic ash layers are similar to index fossils because they 火山灰層與指數化石相似，因為
a)
occur at regular time intervals 以固定的時間間隔發生
b)
spread over a large area in a short amount of time 在短時間內散播至很大面積
c)
is easily weathered and eroded容易被風化和侵蝕
d)
contain magma intrusions 包含岩漿侵入
3.
What percentage of rubidium-87 atoms will be left after four half-lives? 四個半衰期後還會剩餘百分之多少的銣-87 原子？
a)
6.25%
b)
50%
c)
25%
d)
12.5%
4.
Which numbered fossil best represents an index fossil? 哪個數字標示的化石最能代表指示化石？
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
5.
How old is a bone that has 12.5% of the original amount of radioactive carbon-14 remaining? 殘餘放射性碳-14 的量是原先的 12.5% 的骨骼 年齡是多少？
a)
17,100 years
b)
5,700 years
c)
22,800 years
d)
11,400 years
6.
Which sequence represents the relative ages of these rock formations, from oldest to youngest? 哪一個序列表示這些岩石層從老到年輕依次 排列的相對年齡?
a)
B → A → C → D
b)
B → D → C → A
c)
D → C → A → B
d)
D → B → A → C
7.
Which rock layer is the youngest? 哪一個岩層最年輕？
a)
sandstone in outcrop 1 岩石露頭 1 中的沙岩
b)
breccia in outcrop 2 岩石露頭 2 中的角礫岩
c)
conglomerate in outcrop 3 岩石露頭 3 中的礫岩
d)
sandstone in outcrop 4 岩石露頭 4 中的沙岩
8.
Identify one geologic process that occurred in this region that produced the unconformity in this outcrop. 指出發生在這個地區，產生了這個岩石露頭内不整合處的一個地質過程。
a)
erosion and depositon of a new layer 侵蝕和沈積
b)
metamorphism of rocks 岩石變質
c)
tilting of rock layers 傾斜的岩層
d)
volcanic eruptions 火山噴發
9.
State the name of the metamorphic rock at location A. 說明位置 A 的變質岩的名稱。
a)
limestone 石灰石
b)
marble 大理石
c)
sandstone 砂岩
d)
quartzite
10.
The diagram below represents the placoderm fish Bothriolepis, an index fossil found in New York State. 下圖表示屬於盾皮魚綱的溝鱗魚 (Bothriolepis)，這是在紐約州發現的一種指示化石。 Which city in New York State is most likely to contain this fossil? 哪一個地點的地表底岩中最有可能含有這類化石？
a)
Ithaca
b)
Albany
c)
Old Forge
d)
New York City
11.
When the rock layers in the three outcrops are correlated, the oldest layer is the 如果這三種露頭中的岩石層是相關的，其中最古老的岩石層是
a)
shale layer in outcrop I
b)
siltstone layer in outcrop II
c)
limestone layer in outcrop III
d)
conglomerate layer in outcrop III
12.
Which New York State landscape region is mostly composed of horizontal sedimentary bedrock at high elevations? 哪個紐約州景觀區域主要由高海拔的水平沉積基岩組成？
a)
Allegheny Plateau 阿勒格尼高原
b)
Hudson Highlands 哈德遜高地
c)
Newark Lowlands 紐瓦克低地
d)
Atlantic Coastal Plain 大西洋沿海平原
13.
Which fossil could be classified as an index fossil? 哪一塊化石可被歸類為指示化石？
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
14.
During which period in geologic history did the uplifting of the Adirondack Mountains begin? 阿第倫達克山脈在地質歷史中的哪一段時期 開始抬升？
a)
Cretaceous 白堊紀
b)
Quaternary 第四紀
c)
Triassic 三疊紀
d)
Cambrian寒武紀
15.
Letters W, X, Y, and Z represent fossils found in the rock layers. Which fossil could best be used as an index fossil? 字母 W、X、Y 和 Z 代表在岩層中發現的化石。哪一塊化石可以用作最好的指示化石？
a)
X
b)
Y
c)
W
d)
Z
16.
Which scientific principle states that younger rock layers are generally deposited on top of older rock layers? 哪一項科學原理說明較年輕的岩層通常會沉積在較老的岩層之上？
a)
superposition
b)
original horizontality
c)
cross-cutting
d)
magma intrusion 岩漿侵入
17.
These index fossil shells were most likely found in the surface bedrock of which landscape region? 這些指示化石外殼最可能在哪種地貌區域的地表底岩中找到？
a)
the Catskills
b)
Adirondack Mountains
c)
Tug Hill Plateau
d)
St. Lawrence Lowlands
18.
Describe when the fault most likely occurred 這個斷層最有可能發生在什麼之後
a)
all layers were formed after the fault 所有層都是在斷層線後形成的
b)
the fault occurred before the unconformity 地質斷層發生在不整合面之前
c)
fault occurred before the sandstone layer 斷層發生在砂岩層之前
d)
Fault formed after layer D D層後形成地質斷層
19.
Which city in New York State is most likely to contain this fossil? 哪一個地點的地表底岩中最有可能含有這類化石？
a)
Syracuse 雪城
b)
Ithaca 伊薩卡
c)
Watertown 水城
d)
Binghamton 賓厄姆頓
20.
Fossils of which type of animal would most likely be found in the surface bedrock of Watertown, NY? 在紐約沃特的基岩表面最有可能發現哪一類動物的化石？
a)
ammonoids 菊石
b)
placoderm fish 魚
c)
trilobites 三葉蟲
d)
dinosaurs 恐龍
21.
Which lettered boundary is most likely another unconformity? 哪個字母表示的邊界最有可能是另一個不整合處？
a)
Q
b)
A
c)
X
d)
D
22.
Indicate the relative ages of geologic features by listing the letters from oldest to most recent. 指出地質特點 的相對年齡，將字母按照最古老到最年輕的順序排序。
a)
A, B, C, D, H, E, F, G, X
b)
G, F, E, D, X, H, C, B, A
c)
A, B, C, H, X, D, E, F, G,
d)
G, F, E, H, X, D, C, B, A
23.
Scientists infer that early North American humans hunted the mastodon. Carbon-14 dating of the rib bone indicates that 2.4 half-lives have passed since the mastodon was killed. Approximately how many years ago did the mastodon die? 科學家們推斷，早期的北美人類會追捕乳齒象。 肋骨的碳-14測定表明，自從乳齒象死亡以來，已經過了2.4個半衰期。 大約多少年前，乳齒科死亡？
a)
13,700 years
b)
5,700 years
c)
11,400 years
d)
17,100 years
24.
Which geologic principle is best represented by the rock units? 哪個地質學原理最能代表岩石層？
a)
inclusions
b)
cross-cutting
c)
original horizontality
d)
unconformity
25.
Which statement describes relative dating? 哪個聲明描述了相對 時間？
a)
Shale is older than sandstone because it is on the bottom 頁岩比砂岩老因為它在底部
b)
C-14 has a half life of 5,700 years
c)
Fossil A is 10,000 years older than Fossil B 化石A比化石B年齡大一萬歲
d)
The igneous rock layer was created 11,400 years ago 火山岩層創建於11400年前
26.
Volcanic ash layers are similar to index fossils because they are distributed 火山灰層與指數化石相似，因為它們是分佈的
a)
large area during a short period of time 在短時間內分佈於大片區域
b)
large area during a long period of time 在長時間內分佈於大片區域
c)
small area during a short period of time 在短時間內分佈於小片區域
d)
small area during a long period of time 在長時間內分佈於小片區域
27.
Why can't the isotope C-14 be used to date fossils from the Paleozoic Era? 為什麼同位素碳-14不能用於古生代化石？
a)
C-14's half-life is too short to date older fossils 半衰期太短，以至於較老的化石
b)
C-14's decay product is N-14 衰變產物是氮-14
c)
C-14 is only used for igneous rocks only used for igneous rocks
d)
C-14 doesn't have the correct atomic arrangement 沒有正確的原子排列
28.
Evidence of tectonic activity in this cross section is provided by the 橫切面中地質結構活動的證據，可由何者提供
a)
tilting and faulting of the rock layers 岩層傾斜和斷層
b)
the formation of the limestone layer 形成石灰石層
c)
weathering and erosion of the sandstone layer 風化和侵蝕砂岩層
d)
the mineral composition of the shale 礦物組成的頁岩
29.
Write the ANSWER on bubble sheet for Extra Credit on tomorrow's exam: What species became extinct 251 million years ago? (Use ESRT) 二億五千一百萬年前哪些物種滅絕了？
a)
trilobites 三葉蟲
b)
dinosaurs 恐龍
c)
ammonoids 菊石
d)
brachiopods 腕足
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