Considering the properties of saltwater and freshwater, which statement is true?

As water flows out of the stream's channel, it immediately slows down. The material carried by the stream, sediment such as gravel, sand, silt, and clay, is deposited on the floodplain. Large particles are deposited first, and much of this material is laid down alongside both banks. This process, repeated over and over, forms low ridges or mounds known as natural levees. As flooding continues, sediments are lifted over the levees and deposited as noted in the photograph. These areas often the sites of farming because the sediments deposited tends to be very fertile. Floodwaters bring fine silt-like sediments over the levees. Why does the water tend to carry such particles rather than sand or gravel?

Students set up the stream table apparatus seen here. They began their experimentation with trials to determine the velocity of a stream at various inclines. Students measured the length of the stream from the head to the mouth of the stream. They began with one block under the head of the stream table. A steady flow of water was directed through the opening at the head of the stream. Once the water was flowing, a cork with a string attached was placed at the headed of the stream. Students timed the movement of the cork from the head to the mouth. They ran three trials and found the average speed of the cork. They repeated the procedure for a 2-block raise and a 3-block raise. One of the students noted that as the incline was increased, the width of the stream also changed: it grew wider. Explain why this might happen.

Measured Times: 1st - 7 cm/s, 2nd - 10 cm/s, 3rd - 14 cm/s.

Students set up the stream table apparatus seen here. After determining how the incline of the stream table influenced

stream velocity, the students proceed with some other experiments. With one block under the head of the stream table, they varied the rate of flow from the hose nozzle opening into the stream head. The students ran three trials with different rates of flow, from gentle to medium to heavy. Each time the flow rate was changed the stream channel was

reformed. After running the water for ten minutes, the students diagrammed how much sediment had deposited in the delta area.

When each trial was completed, the water was turned off and one student placed a sheet of clear plastic acetate over the bottom half of the stream table. For each rate of flow trial, the student drew the outline of the delta that formed. What prediction might you make about the delta formations? All BUT ONE prediction could be true.

Students set up the stream table apparatus seen here. They began their experimentation with trials to determine the

velocity of a stream at various inclines. Students measured the length of the stream from the head to the mouth of the

stream. They began with one block under the head of the stream table. A steady flow of water was directed through the opening at the head of the stream. Once the water was flowing, a cork with a string attached was placed at the headed of the stream. Students timed the movement of the cork from the head to the mouth. They ran three trials and found the average speed of the cork. They repeated the procedure for a 2-block raise and a 3-block raise.

Several students placed large rocks in several locations throughout the stream bed. The experiment was repeated using the rock stream bed instead of the sandy stream bed. The rocks did not move in all three sets of trials although the speed varied.

Measured Times: 1st - 7 cm/s, 2nd - 10 cm/s, 3rd - 14 cm/s.

Explain.

Students set up the stream table you see here. The original set-up resulted in a slightly meandering stream.

Water flows from a hole in the bottom of the vessel at one end of the stream table. Several students wondered what would happen if the hole was enlarged. Students observed ALL BUT ONE of the following with this change.

Some properties, like boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, change in solutions due to the presence and number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent. These properties are called ___________ properties.

When humans remove vegetation from an area, the water cycle is MOST directly affected in which way?

When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle?

The MOST obvious result of increased water use, plus urban sprawl, is the decrease in the amount of water

Acid rain falls throughout the United States, as evidenced by the map. Precipitation is particularly acidic on the eastern coast, and it has more drastic effects on habitats in the northeast than on those in the southeast.

Especially hard-hit by acid precipitation are bodies of water in the northeast, such as ponds and lakes. What accounts for this difference between the north and south?

El Niño is a condition that can occur in the Pacific Ocean, but it affects weather all over the world.

Our weather depends a lot on ocean temperatures. Where the ocean is warm, more clouds form, and more rain falls in that part of the world. In the Pacific Ocean, near the equator, the Sun makes the water especially warm on the surface. In a normal or non-El Niño year, the trade winds near the equator push the warm ocean water from South America toward

Frost wedging is a form of weathering caused by water seeping into the cracks of rocks. This type of weathering is common in regions that have very cold winters. How does frost wedging take place?

Water freezes in the cracks of rocks and then expands, breaking the rocks apart. This is an example of ___________ weathering

All BUT _____________ directly causes erosion

Consider the diagram of the water cycle. Assume that deforestation has taken place. How will this effect the movement of water through this model?

Water is known as the universal ____________because it dissolves so many different substances

The limestone caves shown here were MOST LIKELY formed by

Scientists have tracked the changes in this land for many years. Picture A shows how the land looked to start with. Many years later, the land looked like Picture B. What MOST LIKELY caused the change in the land?

Soil erosion is a direct result of flooding. What is a secondary, positive result of flooding and erosion?

Sedimentary rock formation occurs when igneous, metamorphic, or other sedimentary rocks are exposed to the unyielding forces of nature found on the Earth's surface. The formation of sedimentary rock occurs by several processes over millions of years.

Acid from rain water reacts chemically with minerals dissolving them or turning them into other minerals, often through the processes of oxidation or hydration. Which term describes the process when chemicals dissolve and break up rock to form sedimentary rock?

Sedimentary rock formation occurs when igneous, metamorphic, or other sedimentary rocks are exposed to the unyielding forces of nature found on the Earth's surface. The formation of sedimentary rock occurs by several processes over millions of years.

Which term describes cycles of hot and cold temperatures which expand and contract rock in combination with constant wind and water which eventually leads to rocks cracking and breaking down to form sedimentary rock?

A big rock is weathered over many years by a river, until only small pebbles remain. The mass of all the pebbles is less than the mass of the rock. What PROBABLY happens to the rest of the rock?

The image is a model showing the processes of the water cycle. Water uptake to the atmosphere occurs through the processes of evaporation and transpiration from plants where it condenses to form clouds. Clouds release the water through precipitation. During an extreme rainy season, what can we expect to happen to the surface ground water stored in ponds and lakes?

How does mechanical weathering (from wind) of rock enhance chemical weathering (by rain) of rock?

The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The fundamental process of the water cycle can be modeled to illustrate the most important aspects of the natural phenomenon. The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, energy is removed which cools the environment. When water condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment. In addition, the water cycle transfers water from one system to another. The water cycle purifies water, replenishes the land with freshwater, and transports minerals to different parts of the globe. But, most importantly the water cycle is crucial in the maintenance of life and the ecosystems of Earth.

Study the diagram above. What cause and effect prediction can be used to test the assumptions in the model?

Which is an example of chemical weathering?

You and your classmates have conducted a Stream Bed experiment using a piece of sod, and a cup of soil. Consider the materials and procedures you used. How do you predict the results of each trial will vary?

A student is constructing a stream table to investigate how erosion by a meandering stream is affected by the slope of the land. The student uses the equipment shown.

What should the student vary for the different trials of the experiment?