The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses for emphasis.

Expressions of strong contrast balanced against each other for emphasis.

An exclamatory address to an imaginary or absent person or thing as if it were alive.

The omission of conjunctions in a series of words or phrases.

A crisscross word or grammatical order ABBA.

The use of two nouns connected by a conjunction instead of a noun and a modifier.

An arrangement of words in an unusual order.

An arrangement of words (meaning) where the logical order is reversed.

The affirmative is expressed by denying its opposite.

An implied comparison.

The substitution of one word for another of close meaning.

The combination of contradictory ideas in a single expression.

A play on words; a pun.

Attributing personal/human qualities to animals, ideas, and inanimate objects.

A redundant word or expression.

The use of excessive conjunctions.

The pretense of omitting something for the purpose of drawing attention to it.

An expressed comparison introduced by like or as.

The loss of a letter or syllable within a word.

The use of a part for the whole.

The separation of a word or phrase into two parts.

The use of a verb in different senses with two objects.

The substitution of a mild or favorable phrase for an unpleasant one.

Exaggeration in speech for a strong effect.