An analogy that focuses on irrelevant or inconsequential similarities between two things.

An argument that skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion.

Latin for “to a man”; the phrase refers to the diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the one presenting the argument.

An argument uses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an opponent’s view.

An argument that presents only two choices or positions when, in reality, more exist.

An argument in which the essential claim is “everyone is doing it, therefore it must be good to do.”

The argument begins with the point with which they are trying to end.

Latin for “after which therefore because of which.” It is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier.

Making a rushed conclusion without considering all of the evidence or variables.

Someone with no expertise is cited as an authority in an argument.

A belief or judgement about something given by an expert in that subject area.

Data in numerical form.

Is evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. It includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data.

Something you know, whether it’s from personal experience, anecdote you have heard from others, observations, or your general knowledge of events.

Verifiable facts that provide background and context to the current argument. While built on historical facts, this information need to be interpreted, so its meaning may be open to debate.

Is an artifact, a document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, a recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study.

Is a source that gives information about a primary source. These sources contain second hand information that has already appeared in primary documents. In this source, the original information is selected, modified and arranged in a suitable format for the purpose of easy location by the users. These sources involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of the original information.

Doing the right thing to the right extent for the right people in the right way at the right time according to a right interpretation of God’s Word.

That those who commit certain kinds of wrongful acts, paradigmatically serious crimes, morally deserve to suffer a proportionate punishment

It is intrinsically morally good—good without reference to any other goods that might arise—if some legitimate punisher gives them the punishment they deserve

It is morally impermissible intentionally to punish the innocent or to inflict disproportionately large punishments on wrongdoers.

Punishment for doing wrong. The basic idea is to punish to the same extent that someone has harmed another or to reward to the extent someone has done something good.

An aspect of justice which emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior.

Simply punishing the wrongdoer does not actually restore the person wronged. The person who was victimized has to be made whole again.

An aspect of justice which provides moral guidance for the social and political processes and structures that affect the distribution of benefits and burdens in societies.

“Making sure everyone has their fair share.”

Focuses on both meeting needs and giving generously.

An aspect of justice which provides moral guidance for legal authorities to insure fairness of process in settling disputes.

Deuteronomy 16:19, "You shall not pervert justice. You shall not show partiality, and you shall not accept a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and subverts the cause of the righteous." Is an example of what kind of Justice?

Eph. 4:28, “Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let him labor, doing honest work with his own hands, so that he may have something to share with anyone in need.” Is an example of what kind of Justice?

Exodus 23:6-8, “You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in his lawsuit. 7 Keep far from a false charge, and do not kill the innocent and righteous, for I will not acquit the wicked. 8 And you shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and subverts the cause of those who are in the right."

Deuteronomy 25:15-16, "A full and fair weight you shall have, a full and fair measure you shall have, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. 16 For all who do such things, all who act dishonestly, are an abomination to the LORD your God."

What is ___________ ___________ – the really real?

What is the nature of ___________ ___________, that is, the world around us?

What is a ___________ ___________?

Why is it ___________ _________ __________ anything at all?

What ______________________________ core commitments are consistent with this worldview?