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Unit 3 Genetics and Heredity

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement best summarizes Gregor Mendel's contribution to science?

a)

Mendel invented the green pea by cross-breeding thousands of pea plants.

b)

Mendel coined the word genes to describe inherited traits.

c)

Mendel determined that garden pea plants can produce flowers in a variety of colors.

d)

Mendel found evidence that factors for some traits are inherited from parents.

2.

Which characteristic cannot be inherited?

a)

the ability to win a soccer game

b)

length of fur in dogs

c)

shape of ears in pigs

d)

height of stem in a sunflower plant

3.

Which statement correctly describes the mechanism of inheritance?

a)

Alleles from heterozygous chromosomes determine traits.

b)

Chromosomes on homozygous genes determine traits.

c)

Alleles on homologous chromosomes determine traits.

d)

Homologous chromosomes determine the genes for a trait.

4.

What did Mendel's cross-pollination of pea plants prove?

a)

Certain factors are dominant, and other factors are recessive.

b)

Crossing a tall plant with a tall plant will always result in a tall plant.

c)

Inheritance of certain factors is dependent upon the genetic code.

d)

All the cells in an organism carry the same hereditary factors.

5.

In pea plants, yellow (Y) seed color is a dominant trait, and green seed color (y) is a recessive trait. Which resulting plant with yellow seeds could produce a plant with green seeds in the next generation?

a)

YY

b)

Yy

c)

yy

d)

Yg

6.

If a tall stem is a dominant characteristic, in which case is the characteristic of tall definitely expressed?

a)

when both alleles contain instructions for tall

b)

when at least one allele contains instructions for tall

c)

when at least one parent is tall

d)

when both parents are tall

7.

P indicates the allele for purple flowers, and p indicates the allele for white flowers. Which statement about the offspring is correct?

a)

50% will be heterozygous, 25% will be homozygous dominant, 25% will be homozygous recessive

b)

25% will be heterozygous, 25% will be homozygous dominant, 50% will be homozygous recessive

c)

75% will be heterozygous, 25% will be homozygous dominant, 0% will be homozygous recessive

d)

0% will be heterozygous, 75% will be homozygous dominant, 25% will be homozygous recessive

8.

The lion-tailed macaque is a species of Old World monkey. Which of the following will the lion-tailed macaque reproduce with?

a)

other lion-tailed macaques

b)

other macaques

c)

any Old World monkeys

d)

any monkey species

9.

What determines the similarities in anatomical features among organisms?

a)

geographical location

b)

weather and climate

c)

shared habitat

d)

genes and chromosomes

10.

What is made of a single, long molecule of DNA?

a)

allele

b)

nucleus

c)

chromosome

d)

protein

11.

What is the relationship among cells, chromosomes, genes, and DNA?

a)

DNA is a double-helix structure found in the cell nucleus. Chromosomes straighten out the DNA so the code can be read by genes.

b)

DNA is straightened by genes which are contained in the chromosomes of a cell.

c)

Chromosomes are tightly wound strands of DNA located in cells. Genes are sections of DNA.

d)

Tightly wound strands of chromosomes contain genes and are found in cells. The genes are coded sequences of nucleotides read by DNA.

12.

What is true of the genetic makeup of all body cells in the human body except for sex cells?

a)

It is different based on the cell type.

b)

It is the same no matter what the cell type.

c)

It is random even within the same cell type.

d)

It is used to sort cells into organs based on chromosomal differences.

13.

Which statement correctly compares the number of chromosomes in a body cell to that in a sex cell of humans?

a)

A body cell has 46 chromosomes; a sex cell has 23.

b)

A body cell has 21 chromosomes; a sex cell has two.

c)

A body cell has 46 chromosomes; a sex cell has two.

d)

A body cell has 21 chromosomes; a sex cell has 23.

14.

Which phase results in chromosomes lining up towards the center of the cell, also known as the equator of the cell?

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

15.

Which phase of sex cell production results in homologous pairs of chromosomes forming?

a)

prophase I of meiosis

b)

anaphase II

c)

telophase I

d)

telophase II

16.

Which phase of cell division is shown.

a)

Prophase I o meiosis

b)

Anaphase II

c)

Telophase I

d)

Telophase II

17.

A botanist has the juiciest tomatoes in his backyard garden. What is true about these tomatoes?

a)

They are saltier, so they absorb more water from their surroundings, making them juicier.

b)

They are grown by someone with a green thumb, so they grow better.

c)

They are grown from seeds that come from plants that produce juicier fruit.

d)

They are watered more often than tomatoes grown in other gardens.

18.

This is the normal nucleotide sequence on a DNA strand:

A—C—T—G—G—A—T

What is a substitution?

a)

A—C—T—G—C—G—A—T

b)

A—C—T—G—A—T

c)

A—G—T—G—G—A—T

d)

A—C—U—G—G—A—U

19.

Which headline would be an example of gene therapy?

a)

Pet Fish Glow under Ultraviolet Light

b)

Farmer Brown's Pigs Have Less Saturated Fat

c)

Prize Winning Orchid Is a Hybrid

d)

Gene Added to Bone Marrow Improves Immune System Function

20.

What is the relationship between a mutation and a gene?

a)

A mutation changes the sequence of DNA bases of a gene.

b)

A mutation creates new genes from the same DNA segment.

c)

A gene causes a mutation when it manufactures the wrong protein.

d)

A gene results in a mutation when it produces a change in the type of mRNA.