A break (crack) in Earth's crust along which rocks move.

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.

The name of the single landmass that began to break apart 200 million years ago.

The movement of fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.

The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor.

An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced.

A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle.

Oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

Plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.

A plate boundary where two plates move in opposite directions.

A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart.

The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.