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AP European History Period 1

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Italian Renaissance?

a)

emphasis on the individual

b)

glorification of human achievement

c)

steadfast support for the church's leading role in society

d)

new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought

2.

Florence was to the Italian Renaissance what

a)

Constantinople was to the development of the Islamic cultural revival of the 13th century

b)

Moscow was to the Northern Renaissance

c)

Athens was to classical Greek culture

d)

Madrid was to western European Jewish intellectual life after 1492

3.

Thanks to the wealthy middle-class merchants and bankers who increasingly used their wealth to patronize the arts, the Renaissance began in Italy for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

a)

Italian unification was achieved, and the state actively financed art and cultural development

b)

Italy held a key strategic position in the growing East-West trade

c)

Italian intellectuals became increasingly aware of their Roman traditions during this time

d)

Byzantine intellectuals escaped Constantinople and Ottoman conquest and brought knowledge of ancient Greek achievements with them to Italy

4.

Machiavelli's book The Prince is regarded as a definitive text on the art of ruthless, self-serving politics and the author is described, by some, as the father of modern political theory. Many scholars believe Machiavelli drew inspiration from the life and acts of

a)

Francisco Sforza

b)

Cesare Borgia

c)

Frederick Barbarossa

d)

Bartolomeo Colleoni

5.

Italy remained disunited for many reasons, EXCEPT

a)

the pope could not unit Italy because of the Avignon papacy

b)

religious conflict in the 16th century

c)

conflicting economic interests of the various city-states

d)

constant attacks and occupations by foreign powers

6.

Italian humanism gave rise to

a)

Greek becoming the official literary language of the Renaissance writers

b)

the welfare state

c)

the movement toward writing in the vernacular in Europe

d)

the movement known as liberation theology

7.

Gutenberg's printing press opened the door to widespread dissemination of books and pamphlets in the early years of the Renaissance. This had a profound effect on daily life in many ways including

a)

allowing people to read alone rather than listening to someone recite out loud

b)

encouraging the scholarship of Latin among the poorer classes

c)

nurturing a sense of individual identity

d)

creating a sense of "One Europe"

8.

Which of the following most clearly distinguishes the northern Renaissance from the Italian Renaissance?

a)

interest in science and technology

b)

greater concern with religious piety

c)

cultivation of a Latin style

d)

growth of national language in literature

9.

All of the following reasons best describe why Poland experienced the Renaissance and Russia did not EXCEPT

a)

Poland was a Roman Catholic country while Russia was Eastern Orthodox and under the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire

b)

Poland was at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire while Russia was not

c)

Russia was cut off from cultural and intellectual trends coming from western Europe by the Mongol occupation (1240-1480)

d)

Poland was geographically closer to Rome and the Italian city-states where the Renaissance began

10.

According to Baldassare Castiglione, the goal of the education system in the 16th century was to

a)

provide a practical education in construction and commerce

b)

offer the same learning opportunities to boys and girls

c)

phase out the study of the classics in favor of more practical "career" and technical disciplines

d)

provide a young man with a well-rounded education including knowledge of the arts, mathematics, and oration skills

11.

Catherine de Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II de Medici, was married in 1553 to Henry II of France. Considered a true daughter of the Renaissance, as Queen of France she is credited with bringing several aspects of Italian Renaissance culture to the French court, but one of her achievements listed below is the subject of dispute.

a)

She brought Italian dance to the court which would evolve into modern ballet.

b)

She patronized painters in the grand manner of the Medici family

c)

She influenced the development of traditional French cuisine.

d)

She commissioned several large architectural projects

12.

All of the following were reasons why Germany and Flanders were the center of the northern Renaissance?

a)

German banking families were among the wealthiest in Europe

b)

the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks resulted in a mass exodus of Byzantine scholars to the Holy Roman Empire and Flanders

c)

the German-speaking world was the center of European intellectual life during this period

d)

the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 greatly facilitated the spread of humanist writing

13.

Sandro Botticelli's two famous works, The Birth of Venus and La Primavera,

a)

convey the spiritual appeal of the afterlife

b)

portray nature and humans realistically

c)

are dominated by pagan themes

d)

illustrate the dominance of males over females

14.

Florence's Filippo Brunelleschi is considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Renaissance. His seminal work in Florence is the

a)

Ponte Vecchio

b)

The Gates of Paradise on the Baptistry

c)

The Dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore

d)

The Uffizi Palace

15.

Inspired by classical art, Renaissance painters and sculptors intiatlly sought harmony in creating the idealized natural human form. Later, artists began to use dramatic effects in their works, a style dubbed Mannerism and exemplified by distorted poses and elongated limbs. Allof these artists created mannerist works or exhibited some Mannerist influences EXCEPT

a)

Benvenuto Cellini

b)

Michelangelo

c)

Raphael

d)

Caravaggio

16.

Nicholas Copernicus' major contribution to scientific knowledge was

a)

the discovery of the laws of gravitational pull

b)

the universe was heliocentric

c)

the development of calculus

d)

the development of the period table of elements

17.

What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on the authority of the Catholic Church?

a)

It strengthened its intellectual authority since most scientists of the 16th century were Catholic.

b)

It weakened its authority since more natural phenomena that had been traditionally left to the clerical leaders were now being explained through scientific inquiry.

c)

The Catholic Church worked closely with the scientific community to develop methods that would alleviate suffering on earth.

d)

It led to the Protestant Reformation.

18.

Despite the new emphasis on observation and scientific method, the study of alchemy and astrology continued to be popular among the many elites during the 15th and 16th centuries because the two areas of study

a)

offered an exciting viewpoint on the natural world

b)

imposed a kind of scientific order on nature of materials and the cosmos

c)

promised to create riches through chemistry and foretelling of future events

d)

provided entertainment for the wealthy classes

19.

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Hundred Years War?

a)

France became more united

b)

England became more united

c)

Cannons and firearms became more commonly used in war

d)

The British Parliament expanded its powers as the monarch needed money for war

20.

Which of the following is true about the Wars of the Roses?

a)

They were a clear ideological struggle between the combatants

b)

They began with the end of the Thirty Years' War

c)

They ended with the accession of Henry VIII to the throne

d)

They began with the end of the Hundred Years' War

21.

Which is a result of the Wars of the Roses?

a)

They ended with the victory of the House of York

b)

Many nobles died, hastening the end of feudalism

c)

The Black Death was spread by the marauding armies

d)

Many saw the importance of maintaining private armies for nobles

22.

The unification of Spain is notable because it happened despite

a)

the power of the Catholic Church

b)

great linguistic differences

c)

the formidable military forces of the Moors

d)

the defeat of the Spanish Armada

23.

Why was Granada, the last area of Spain to be conquered from the Moors, finally defeated?

a)

It was geographically vulnerable.

b)

The emirs of Granada refused to pay large ransoms to the King of Castile.

c)

There was disunity among the Nasrid ruling house.

d)

Granada lost its position as a major trade center.

24.

Which of the following states proved to be the exception to the trend of centralization?

a)

England

b)

the Holy Roman Empire

c)

France

d)

Spain

25.

Charles V was on of along line of Austrian rulers of the Holy Roman Empire (1452-1806) from which family?

a)

Hapsburg

b)

Tudor

c)

Valois

d)

Hohenzollern

26.

All of the following were methods that monarchs in Russia, France, and Spain employed to consolidate their rule EXCEPT

a)

promoting ethnic and religious nationalism

b)

breaking the independent power of the nobility

c)

securing control over levying taxes

d)

establishing a close but dominant relationship with the Christian Church in their lands

27.

Identify the nation by the list of ruling families

-Aragon

-Castile

-Trastamara

-Hapsburg

a)

England

b)

France

c)

Spain

d)

Holy Roman Empire

28.

Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.


-Lancaster

-York

-Tudor

-Stuart

a)

England

b)

France

c)

Spain

d)

Holy Roman Empire

29.

Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.


-Valois

-Bourbon

a)

England

b)

France

c)

Spain

d)

Holy Roman Empire

30.

Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.


-Hapsburg

-Hapsburg-Lorraine

a)

England

b)

France

c)

Spain

d)

Holy Roman Empire

31.

The major obstacle preventing the growth of monarchies in southeastern Europe was

a)

the conquest and occupation of that part of Europe by the Ottoman Turks

b)

the patriarchs of the carious Eastern Orthodox Churches worked to limit the power of monarchs

c)

the low education level of the ruling dynasties

d)

the mountainous terrain of the Balkans, which prohibited large-scale consolidation of territory

32.

More often than not, which group or person wielded the most political power in Poland?

a)

the monarch

b)

the clergy

c)

the peasantry

d)

the proletariat

33.

Besides religious doctrinal disputes, the major issue behind the wars in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was

a)

how to divide colonies between the emerging imperialist European powers

b)

how to contain the growing military threat of Sweden

c)

how to contain the expansionist ambitions of France

d)

the struggle between the decentralizing tendencies of local princes and the centralizing efforts of national monarchs

34.

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the Holy Roman Emperor agreed that German princes should

a)

become Protestant

b)

execute anyone who had fought in the Peasants' Revolt

c)

burn all copies of the Ninety-Five Theses

d)

be able to choose whether their lands would be Catholic or Lutheran

35.

What effect did the Thirty Years' War have on the German-speaking population between 1618-1650?

a)

About 1/3 of the population perished.

b)

It stayed the same.

c)

Soldiers from Sweden resettled int eh Holy Roman Empire, increasing its population slightly.

d)

The population doubled.

36.

In 1640, Charles I called Parliament into session because he

a)

needed money to pursue his war against France

b)

became a supporter of democratic principles

c)

wanted to change his religion

d)

needed money to suppress a rebellion in Scotland

37.

Louis XIV supported all of the following EXCEPT

a)

the building of the Palace of Versailles

b)

cooperation with the Estates General

c)

art and culture

d)

the policies of Cardinal Mazarin

38.

Cardinal Richelieu's chief goal was

a)

to destroy the nobles' and Huguenots' power

b)

to increase papal influence over the French king

c)

to avoid alliances with Protestant countries

d)

to conquer England

39.

In the first half of the 17th century, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden played a key role in European affairs by

a)

opposing the expansionist plans of Cardinal Richelieu of France

b)

acting as intermediary between Catholic and Lutheran governments

c)

leading a Protestant coalition against Catholic Europe

d)

allying with Hapsburg Spain to challenge British sea power

40.

The period of political instability in Russia known as the Time of Troubles

a)

led to the occupation of the country by the Mongols

b)

resulted in the beginning of the Romanov dynasty

c)

led to the split in the Russian Orthodox Church

d)

led to the strengthening of serfdom

41.

Which of the following was a result of the Conciliar Movement?

a)

reform of conventional church practices

b)

movement to venerate Catholic saints

c)

increased power for papal authority

d)

the adoption of recommendations of the Council of Trent

42.

All of the following threatened the power of the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century EXCEPT

a)

ideas emanating from the Italian Renaissance

b)

the growing strength in southeastern Europe of the Muslim Ottoman Turks

c)

the growth of the national state

d)

the Protestant Reformation

43.

Why did France support the Protestant rebels fighting against the Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire?

a)

It wanted to weaken and fragment the Holy Roman Empire.

b)

King Henry IV of France was a Huguenot and, therefore, a supporter of German Protestants.

c)

The German Protestants had helped King Henry IV, a Huguenot, assume the throne in France.

d)

Revenge was sought for the pope excommunicating the entire French clergy.

44.

According to John Calvin, certain people were "predestined" to go to heaven. What did he mean by this?

a)

Only Calvinists would go to heaven.

b)

People who did good works would go to heaven.

c)

Calvinists and Lutherans were destined to go to heaven, but not Catholics.

d)

God has already chosen if one would be saved prior to their death.

45.

"Christians should be taught that, if the Pope knew the exactions of the preachers of Indulgences, he would rather have the basilica of St. Peter's reduced to ashes than built with the skin, flesh and bones of his sheep."


This passage was contained in which of the following works?

a)

Thomas More's Utopia

b)

Erasmus' In Praise of Folly

c)

Luther's Ninety-Five Theses

d)

Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion

46.

The main result of the Edict of Nantes (1598) was that

a)

it led to the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire

b)

Calvinists recognized Geneva s their capital

c)

it established the principles of religious toleration and equal civil rights for French Protestants and Catholics

d)

it led to the arrest of those responsible for the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

47.

Besides religious issues, the other major cause of the Protestant Reformation and the religious wars that followed was

a)

the political struggle between monarchs imposing their centralized rule over their subjects and nobles fighting to keep their feudal independence.

b)

the growing sense of belonging to a nation that has a common language, ethnicity, culture, and history.

c)

the growing mercantilism competition for overseas colonies between the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, and Holland.

d)

the bitterness that some European countries felt toward France for allying itself with the Ottoman Empire.

48.

The Spanish financed the voyages of Christopher Columbus because

a)

they wanted to get to India before the Portuguese.

b)

they wanted to get to America before the Portuguese.

c)

Spanish clergy wanted to prove the world was flat.

d)

the English had announced their plan to explore the Atlantic.

49.

The Spanish encomienda was modeled on the

a)

medieval university

b)

Spanish parliament

c)

Inquisition

d)

feudal manor

50.

Portugal and Spain were able to attain overseas colonies because of

a)

their superior firearms and sea power

b)

fair financial compensation to local rulers

c)

treaties with local leaders

d)

their ability to defeat England and France in mainland wars and acquiring their colonies

51.

The parallel transfer of people, cultures, animals, food, and disease between Europe, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere as a result of the Spanish colonization of the New World is known as the

a)

Cartesian swap

b)

Faustian bargain

c)

Columbian Exchange

d)

Middle Passage

52.

The typical family in 16th century Western Europe

a)

was an extended household of parents, children, and grandparents

b)

was a broken family caused by a high divorce rate

c)

toiled in the urban factories for miserable wages

d)

was a nuclear family comprised of husband, wife and their children

53.

The three orders of people in medieval Europe consisted of

a)

clergy, bourgeoisie, and peasants

b)

royalty, nobles, and clergy

c)

professionals, bourgeoisie, and peasants

d)

clergy, nobles, and peasants

54.

"We. . . take for granted that you will release us from serfdom as true Christians, unless it should be shown us from the Gospel that we are serfs."


This statement was likely written by

a)

Turkish peasants in Asia Minor

b)

English peasants under Henry VIII

c)

conquered Aztecs in Mexico

d)

German peasants in the 1520s

55.

The Black Death appeared in a Europe that

a)

had already been weakened by local famines

b)

was in the midst of the Renaissance

c)

had been experiencing a time of peace and stability

d)

had just emerged from the Dark Ages