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WorksheetsAP European History Period 1
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Italian Renaissance?
emphasis on the individual
glorification of human achievement
steadfast support for the church's leading role in society
new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought
Florence was to the Italian Renaissance what
Constantinople was to the development of the Islamic cultural revival of the 13th century
Moscow was to the Northern Renaissance
Athens was to classical Greek culture
Madrid was to western European Jewish intellectual life after 1492
Thanks to the wealthy middle-class merchants and bankers who increasingly used their wealth to patronize the arts, the Renaissance began in Italy for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Italian unification was achieved, and the state actively financed art and cultural development
Italy held a key strategic position in the growing East-West trade
Italian intellectuals became increasingly aware of their Roman traditions during this time
Byzantine intellectuals escaped Constantinople and Ottoman conquest and brought knowledge of ancient Greek achievements with them to Italy
Machiavelli's book The Prince is regarded as a definitive text on the art of ruthless, self-serving politics and the author is described, by some, as the father of modern political theory. Many scholars believe Machiavelli drew inspiration from the life and acts of
Francisco Sforza
Cesare Borgia
Frederick Barbarossa
Bartolomeo Colleoni
Italy remained disunited for many reasons, EXCEPT
the pope could not unit Italy because of the Avignon papacy
religious conflict in the 16th century
conflicting economic interests of the various city-states
constant attacks and occupations by foreign powers
Italian humanism gave rise to
Greek becoming the official literary language of the Renaissance writers
the welfare state
the movement toward writing in the vernacular in Europe
the movement known as liberation theology
Gutenberg's printing press opened the door to widespread dissemination of books and pamphlets in the early years of the Renaissance. This had a profound effect on daily life in many ways including
allowing people to read alone rather than listening to someone recite out loud
encouraging the scholarship of Latin among the poorer classes
nurturing a sense of individual identity
creating a sense of "One Europe"
Which of the following most clearly distinguishes the northern Renaissance from the Italian Renaissance?
interest in science and technology
greater concern with religious piety
cultivation of a Latin style
growth of national language in literature
All of the following reasons best describe why Poland experienced the Renaissance and Russia did not EXCEPT
Poland was a Roman Catholic country while Russia was Eastern Orthodox and under the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire
Poland was at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire while Russia was not
Russia was cut off from cultural and intellectual trends coming from western Europe by the Mongol occupation (1240-1480)
Poland was geographically closer to Rome and the Italian city-states where the Renaissance began
According to Baldassare Castiglione, the goal of the education system in the 16th century was to
provide a practical education in construction and commerce
offer the same learning opportunities to boys and girls
phase out the study of the classics in favor of more practical "career" and technical disciplines
provide a young man with a well-rounded education including knowledge of the arts, mathematics, and oration skills
Catherine de Medici, daughter of Lorenzo II de Medici, was married in 1553 to Henry II of France. Considered a true daughter of the Renaissance, as Queen of France she is credited with bringing several aspects of Italian Renaissance culture to the French court, but one of her achievements listed below is the subject of dispute.
She brought Italian dance to the court which would evolve into modern ballet.
She patronized painters in the grand manner of the Medici family
She influenced the development of traditional French cuisine.
She commissioned several large architectural projects
All of the following were reasons why Germany and Flanders were the center of the northern Renaissance?
German banking families were among the wealthiest in Europe
the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks resulted in a mass exodus of Byzantine scholars to the Holy Roman Empire and Flanders
the German-speaking world was the center of European intellectual life during this period
the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 greatly facilitated the spread of humanist writing
Sandro Botticelli's two famous works, The Birth of Venus and La Primavera,
convey the spiritual appeal of the afterlife
portray nature and humans realistically
are dominated by pagan themes
illustrate the dominance of males over females
Florence's Filippo Brunelleschi is considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Renaissance. His seminal work in Florence is the
Ponte Vecchio
The Gates of Paradise on the Baptistry
The Dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
The Uffizi Palace
Inspired by classical art, Renaissance painters and sculptors intiatlly sought harmony in creating the idealized natural human form. Later, artists began to use dramatic effects in their works, a style dubbed Mannerism and exemplified by distorted poses and elongated limbs. Allof these artists created mannerist works or exhibited some Mannerist influences EXCEPT
Benvenuto Cellini
Michelangelo
Raphael
Caravaggio
Nicholas Copernicus' major contribution to scientific knowledge was
the discovery of the laws of gravitational pull
the universe was heliocentric
the development of calculus
the development of the period table of elements
What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on the authority of the Catholic Church?
It strengthened its intellectual authority since most scientists of the 16th century were Catholic.
It weakened its authority since more natural phenomena that had been traditionally left to the clerical leaders were now being explained through scientific inquiry.
The Catholic Church worked closely with the scientific community to develop methods that would alleviate suffering on earth.
It led to the Protestant Reformation.
Despite the new emphasis on observation and scientific method, the study of alchemy and astrology continued to be popular among the many elites during the 15th and 16th centuries because the two areas of study
offered an exciting viewpoint on the natural world
imposed a kind of scientific order on nature of materials and the cosmos
promised to create riches through chemistry and foretelling of future events
provided entertainment for the wealthy classes
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Hundred Years War?
France became more united
England became more united
Cannons and firearms became more commonly used in war
The British Parliament expanded its powers as the monarch needed money for war
Which of the following is true about the Wars of the Roses?
They were a clear ideological struggle between the combatants
They began with the end of the Thirty Years' War
They ended with the accession of Henry VIII to the throne
They began with the end of the Hundred Years' War
Which is a result of the Wars of the Roses?
They ended with the victory of the House of York
Many nobles died, hastening the end of feudalism
The Black Death was spread by the marauding armies
Many saw the importance of maintaining private armies for nobles
The unification of Spain is notable because it happened despite
the power of the Catholic Church
great linguistic differences
the formidable military forces of the Moors
the defeat of the Spanish Armada
Why was Granada, the last area of Spain to be conquered from the Moors, finally defeated?
It was geographically vulnerable.
The emirs of Granada refused to pay large ransoms to the King of Castile.
There was disunity among the Nasrid ruling house.
Granada lost its position as a major trade center.
Which of the following states proved to be the exception to the trend of centralization?
England
the Holy Roman Empire
France
Spain
Charles V was on of along line of Austrian rulers of the Holy Roman Empire (1452-1806) from which family?
Hapsburg
Tudor
Valois
Hohenzollern
All of the following were methods that monarchs in Russia, France, and Spain employed to consolidate their rule EXCEPT
promoting ethnic and religious nationalism
breaking the independent power of the nobility
securing control over levying taxes
establishing a close but dominant relationship with the Christian Church in their lands
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families
-Aragon
-Castile
-Trastamara
-Hapsburg
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.
-Lancaster
-York
-Tudor
-Stuart
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.
-Valois
-Bourbon
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
Identify the nation by the list of ruling families.
-Hapsburg
-Hapsburg-Lorraine
England
France
Spain
Holy Roman Empire
The major obstacle preventing the growth of monarchies in southeastern Europe was
the conquest and occupation of that part of Europe by the Ottoman Turks
the patriarchs of the carious Eastern Orthodox Churches worked to limit the power of monarchs
the low education level of the ruling dynasties
the mountainous terrain of the Balkans, which prohibited large-scale consolidation of territory
More often than not, which group or person wielded the most political power in Poland?
the monarch
the clergy
the peasantry
the proletariat
Besides religious doctrinal disputes, the major issue behind the wars in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was
how to divide colonies between the emerging imperialist European powers
how to contain the growing military threat of Sweden
how to contain the expansionist ambitions of France
the struggle between the decentralizing tendencies of local princes and the centralizing efforts of national monarchs
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the Holy Roman Emperor agreed that German princes should
become Protestant
execute anyone who had fought in the Peasants' Revolt
burn all copies of the Ninety-Five Theses
be able to choose whether their lands would be Catholic or Lutheran
What effect did the Thirty Years' War have on the German-speaking population between 1618-1650?
About 1/3 of the population perished.
It stayed the same.
Soldiers from Sweden resettled int eh Holy Roman Empire, increasing its population slightly.
The population doubled.
In 1640, Charles I called Parliament into session because he
needed money to pursue his war against France
became a supporter of democratic principles
wanted to change his religion
needed money to suppress a rebellion in Scotland
Louis XIV supported all of the following EXCEPT
the building of the Palace of Versailles
cooperation with the Estates General
art and culture
the policies of Cardinal Mazarin
Cardinal Richelieu's chief goal was
to destroy the nobles' and Huguenots' power
to increase papal influence over the French king
to avoid alliances with Protestant countries
to conquer England
In the first half of the 17th century, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden played a key role in European affairs by
opposing the expansionist plans of Cardinal Richelieu of France
acting as intermediary between Catholic and Lutheran governments
leading a Protestant coalition against Catholic Europe
allying with Hapsburg Spain to challenge British sea power
The period of political instability in Russia known as the Time of Troubles
led to the occupation of the country by the Mongols
resulted in the beginning of the Romanov dynasty
led to the split in the Russian Orthodox Church
led to the strengthening of serfdom
Which of the following was a result of the Conciliar Movement?
reform of conventional church practices
movement to venerate Catholic saints
increased power for papal authority
the adoption of recommendations of the Council of Trent
All of the following threatened the power of the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century EXCEPT
ideas emanating from the Italian Renaissance
the growing strength in southeastern Europe of the Muslim Ottoman Turks
the growth of the national state
the Protestant Reformation
Why did France support the Protestant rebels fighting against the Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire?
It wanted to weaken and fragment the Holy Roman Empire.
King Henry IV of France was a Huguenot and, therefore, a supporter of German Protestants.
The German Protestants had helped King Henry IV, a Huguenot, assume the throne in France.
Revenge was sought for the pope excommunicating the entire French clergy.
According to John Calvin, certain people were "predestined" to go to heaven. What did he mean by this?
Only Calvinists would go to heaven.
People who did good works would go to heaven.
Calvinists and Lutherans were destined to go to heaven, but not Catholics.
God has already chosen if one would be saved prior to their death.
"Christians should be taught that, if the Pope knew the exactions of the preachers of Indulgences, he would rather have the basilica of St. Peter's reduced to ashes than built with the skin, flesh and bones of his sheep."
This passage was contained in which of the following works?
Thomas More's Utopia
Erasmus' In Praise of Folly
Luther's Ninety-Five Theses
Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion
The main result of the Edict of Nantes (1598) was that
it led to the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire
Calvinists recognized Geneva s their capital
it established the principles of religious toleration and equal civil rights for French Protestants and Catholics
it led to the arrest of those responsible for the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Besides religious issues, the other major cause of the Protestant Reformation and the religious wars that followed was
the political struggle between monarchs imposing their centralized rule over their subjects and nobles fighting to keep their feudal independence.
the growing sense of belonging to a nation that has a common language, ethnicity, culture, and history.
the growing mercantilism competition for overseas colonies between the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, and Holland.
the bitterness that some European countries felt toward France for allying itself with the Ottoman Empire.
The Spanish financed the voyages of Christopher Columbus because
they wanted to get to India before the Portuguese.
they wanted to get to America before the Portuguese.
Spanish clergy wanted to prove the world was flat.
the English had announced their plan to explore the Atlantic.
The Spanish encomienda was modeled on the
medieval university
Spanish parliament
Inquisition
feudal manor
Portugal and Spain were able to attain overseas colonies because of
their superior firearms and sea power
fair financial compensation to local rulers
treaties with local leaders
their ability to defeat England and France in mainland wars and acquiring their colonies
The parallel transfer of people, cultures, animals, food, and disease between Europe, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere as a result of the Spanish colonization of the New World is known as the
Cartesian swap
Faustian bargain
Columbian Exchange
Middle Passage
The typical family in 16th century Western Europe
was an extended household of parents, children, and grandparents
was a broken family caused by a high divorce rate
toiled in the urban factories for miserable wages
was a nuclear family comprised of husband, wife and their children
The three orders of people in medieval Europe consisted of
clergy, bourgeoisie, and peasants
royalty, nobles, and clergy
professionals, bourgeoisie, and peasants
clergy, nobles, and peasants
"We. . . take for granted that you will release us from serfdom as true Christians, unless it should be shown us from the Gospel that we are serfs."
This statement was likely written by
Turkish peasants in Asia Minor
English peasants under Henry VIII
conquered Aztecs in Mexico
German peasants in the 1520s
The Black Death appeared in a Europe that
had already been weakened by local famines
was in the midst of the Renaissance
had been experiencing a time of peace and stability
had just emerged from the Dark Ages
