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Chapter 12: Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Orogenesis refers to

a)

the beginning of extensive faulting.

b)

a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust.

c)

a general thinning of the crust.

d)

eroding away of surface material to expose a craton (continental shield).

2.

The Andes of South America formed as a result of the Nazca plate subducting beneath the South American plate. This is an example of ________ collision.

a)

oceanic plate-continental plate

b)

oceanic plate-oceanic plate

c)

continental-plate-continental plate

d)

terrane-craton

3.

The "Ring of Fire" is a volcanic island arc extending from the southwestern Pacific through Indonesia. The island arc formed as a result of ________ collision.

a)

oceanic plate-continental plate

b)

oceanic plate-oceanic plate

c)

continental-plate-continental plate

d)

terrane-craton

4.

The Himalayas formed as a result of the ongoing collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. This is an example of ________ collision.

a)

oceanic plate-continental plate

b)

oceanic plate-oceanic plate

c)

continental-plate-continental plate

d)

terrane-craton

5.

An earthquake is best described as

a)

the point within the Earth where seismic waves originate.

b)

the sharp release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

c)

the amount of stress rocks along plate boundaries experience.

d)

an effusive explosion of magma.

6.

Under pressure, rocks can bend and deform, and then spring back to their initial shape after pressure is released. This is known as

a)

plate tectonics.

b)

continental drift.

c)

orogeny.

d)

the elastic-rebound theory.

7.

The subsurface area where the motion of seismic waves is initiated along the fault plane is called the

a)

epicenter.

b)

Moho.

c)

focus, or hypocenter.

d)

Mercalli point.

8.

The area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the

a)

epicenter.

b)

fault area.

c)

focus, or hypocenter.

d)

Richter zone.

9.

An instrument used to record vibrations in the crust is the

a)

land barometer.

b)

seismograph.

c)

tiltmeter.

d)

the Richter scale.

10.

The ________ scale would use Roman numerals to qualitatively describe an earthquake based actual effects experienced at the exact time and location of the quake.

a)

Richter

b)

Modified Mercalli Intensity

c)

Beaufort

d)

Mohs

11.

The process whereby ground shaking disrupts and loosens the structure of the soil causing it flow is known as

a)

creep.

b)

solifluction.

c)

slump.

d)

liquefaction.

12.

Within the United States, which area has the highest earthquake hazards?

a)

West Coast

b)

East Cost

c)

Gulf coast

13.

An active volcano is defined as one that

a)

has erupted at least once within the past decade.

b)

has erupted at least once within the past century.

c)

has erupted at least once within recorded history.

d)

has erupted at least once within the past 50 years.

14.

Which of the following is not a location in which volcanoes typically occur?

a)

subduction zones

b)

cratons

c)

sea-floor spreading centers

d)

hot spots

15.

Molten rock that pours forth on Earth's surface is called

a)

metamorphic.

b)

magma.

c)

lava.

d)

pyroclastics.

16.

Small conical-shaped hills with truncated tops that formed during moderately explosive volcanic eruptions are known as

a)

cinder cones.

b)

craters.

c)

calderas.

d)

domes.

17.

Large, basin-shaped depressions that form when summit materials on a volcanic mountain collapse inward after an eruption or loss of magma are known as

a)

cinder cones.

b)

craters.

c)

calderas.

d)

domes.

18.

A gently sloping mountain landform built from effusive eruption is known as a

a)

cinder cone.

b)

shield volcano.

c)

crater.

d)

caldera.

19.

Explosive eruptions tend to build up

a)

shield-shaped volcanoes.

b)

plateau basalts.

c)

composite volcanoes.

d)

basalt pools.

20.

Which of the following most accurately describes the current status of volcano forecasting?

a)

Currently, volcanic forecasting is not feasible due to high costs associated with the necessary equipment.

b)

Reliable indications usually precede volcanic eruptions.

c)

Scientists have hypothesized that early warning systems are possible, but none have been developed yet.

d)

Forecasting volcanoes is not possible given the abrupt nature of explosions.