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Psychological Research and Methodology

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Case Study

a)

Study of one individual in great detail.

b)

Observation of human or animal behavior in its natural setting.

c)

An inexpensive and quick method of gaining information about people’s opinions, attitudes, and perceptions.

d)

Experiment using a variety of different hypotheses.

2.

Survey

a)

An inexpensive and quick method of gaining information about people’s opinions, attitudes, and perceptions.

b)

Study of one individual in great detail.

c)

Observation of human or animal behavior in its natural setting.

d)

Experiment using a variety of different hypotheses.

3.
An experiment where neither the participants nor the experimenter know who has received the treatment, until the experiment has concluded, is known as what?
a)
Random Experiment
b)
Single-blind Experiment
c)
Stratified Experiment
d)
Double-blind Experiment
4.
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
a)
Experimental condition
b)
Control condition
c)
Independent variable
d)
Dependent variable
5.
A specific, testable prediction, narrower than a theory
a)
Theory
b)
Hypothesis
c)
Critical thinking
d)
Psychological reasoning
6.
Group that does receive the treatment
a)
Experimental group
b)
Control group
7.
Group that does not receive the treatment
a)
Experimental group
b)
Control group
8.
____________Studies is research gathering info from different age groups at the same time
a)
Longitudinal
b)
Experiment
c)
Cross Sectional
d)
Correlation
9.
Professor Ober carefully monitors and records the behaviors of children on school playgrounds to track the development of their physical skills. Professor Ober is engaged in:
a)
experimentation. 
b)
replication. 
c)
survey research.
d)
naturalistic observation. 
10.
An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning.  Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is
a)
learning
b)
size of group
c)
material studied
d)
presence of music
11.

Scientific Method

a)

A process of systematic observation, measurement, and experiment to formulate and test hypotheses.

b)

Clear and detailed statements about how you will measure the data collected about the variables.

c)

A sample that has characteristics that are similar to those in the population.

d)

The group to which the researchers manipulate the independent variable.

12.

Population

a)

The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

b)

A sample that has characteristics that are similar to those in the population.

c)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

d)

Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

13.

Representative Sample

a)

A sample that has characteristics that are similar to those in the population.

b)

Subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and may receive a placebo treatment.

c)

The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.

d)

Study in which the subject do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group.

14.
In a double-blind procedure, who is unaware of the experimental group assignment?
a)
The experimenter
b)
The participants
c)
Neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware
d)
Both the experimenter and participants are aware
15.
Mary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of what type of study?
a)
Case study
b)
Naturalistic observation
c)
Survey
d)
Experiment
16.
An individual with an exceptional memory is identified.She is capable of recalling major events, the weather, and what she did on any given date. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual including questionnaires,brain scans, and memory tests?
a)
Survey
b)
Interview
c)
Case Study
d)
Naturalistic Observation
17.
Which method should a psychology researcher use if she is interested in testing whether a specific reward in a classroom situation causes students to behave better?
a)
Case Study
b)
Experiment
c)
Survey
d)
Naturalistic Observation
18.
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
a)
placebo
b)
control
c)
dependent variable
d)
independent variable
19.
A student wants to test the effects of different types of exercise on heart rate.  What is the dependent variable?
a)
heart rate
b)
type of exercise
c)
amount of exercise
d)
time of day exercise occurs
20.

The third step of the scientific method; the researcher tries to find out why a phenomenon occurs by completing an experiment

a)

observation/form a question

b)

form a hypothesis

c)

test hypothesis

d)

analyze the results

e)

draw a conclusion

21.

the group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

a)

independent variable

b)

control group

c)

dependent variable

d)

random sample

22.

Positive or negative correlation?

The taller a person is, the more likely they are to hit their head on a door frame

a)

positive correlation

b)

negative correlation

23.

The first step of the scientific method; a researcher notices a phenomenon and wonders why it occurs

a)

observation/form a question

b)

form a hypothesis

c)

test hypothesis

d)

analyze the results

e)

draw a conclusion

24.

The fourth step of the scientific method; the researcher tries to make connections after conducting an experiment

a)

observation/form a question

b)

form a hypothesis

c)

test hypothesis

d)

analyze the results

e)

draw a conclusion

25.

Positive or negative correlation?

The more shoes a person buys, the less money they have

a)

positive correlation

b)

negative correlation

26.

In a(n) ________________________________, the participants do not know whether they are receiving a treatment or not

a)

double-blind study

b)

single-blind study

c)

stratified sample

d)

case study

27.

Researchers who use the ____________________________ method study the same group over the course of their lifespan to understand changes.

a)

case study

b)

naturalistic observation

c)

cross-sectional

d)

longitudinal

28.

If my target population is 40% girls and 60% boys, my ___________________________ should also consist of 40% girls and 60% boys.

a)

random sample

b)

stratified sample

c)

naturalistic observation

d)

longitudinal method

29.

Professor Schrute carefully monitors and records that behaviors of children on school playgrounds to track the development of their physical skills. Professor Schrute is engaged in:

a)

experimentation

b)

survey research

c)

replication

d)

naturalistic observation

30.

The second step of the scientific method; the researcher makes a prediction as to why a phenomenon occurs

a)

observation/form a question

b)

form a hypothesis

c)

test hypothesis

d)

analyze the results

e)

draw a conclusion

31.

An experiment is preformed to see if background music improves learning. Who groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is:

a)

learning

b)

size of the group

c)

material studied

d)

presence of music

32.

What is one disadvantage of a survey?

a)

People don't tell the truth

b)

Yields a lot of information

c)

Provides a good way to generate hypotheses

d)

Can provide information about many people since it's cheap and easy to do

33.

A student wants to test the effects of different types of exercise on heart rate. What is the dependent variable?

a)

heart rate

b)

type of exercise

c)

amount of exercise

d)

time of day exercise occurs

34.

Deception in psychology studies

a)

should never be done

b)

is unethical

c)

must be followed with a debriefing

35.

What are participants promised so that they feel comfortable answering questions honestly?

a)

written consent

b)

debriefing

c)

confidentiality

d)

confidence

36.

The final step of the scientific method; the researcher develops a reason for the occurrence of the phenomenon they are studying

a)

observation/form a question

b)

form a hypothesis

c)

test hypothesis

d)

analyze the results

e)

draw a conclusion

37.

Why is it important for scientists to be able to replicate the results of a study?

a)

to confirm the finding of the original study

b)

to choose a random sample

c)

to establish proper procedures

d)

to form a hypothesis that can be tested

38.

Each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent

a)

validity

b)

reliability

c)

sample

39.

The extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.

a)

reliability

b)

validity

c)

standardized

40.

Suggested rules for acting responsible and morally when conducting research

a)

ethics

b)

rules

c)

guidelines

41.

What term refers to the measure of relationship between two variables?

a)

Hypothesis

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Correlation

d)

Variable

42.

The correlation between two observed attributes is calculated as “-.74”. From this, it can be concluded that:

a)

one attribute causes the other attribute not to occur

b)

as one attribute increases, the other is likely to increase

c)

as one attribute increases, the other is likely to decrease

d)

one attribute causes the other attribute to occur

e)

the two attributes are unrelated

43.
Researchers wanting to test a drug to see if it really is effective in helping to improve memory would get a sample of people who are in the early stages of the disease, divide them into two groups, give one group the drug, and the other group will get a pill with no medicine (can be a sugar pill). Improvements to a patient may have more to do with participants' belief in the drug than the drug itself.  What is this called?
a)
cheaters
b)
placebo effect
c)
randomization
d)
experimenter effect
44.
Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable. 
a)
control group
b)
population
c)
confounding variables
45.
Organized sets of concepts that explain phenomena
a)
theories
b)
hypothesis
c)
ideas
46.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
47.
Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between variables?
a)
-0.78
b)
0.67
c)
0.85
d)
-0.87
48.
In a study of the effect of a driver training program on driving skill, a possible operationalisation of the dependent variable would be...
a)
driving quality
b)
number of accidents
c)
hours spent training
d)
amount of traffic
49.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
50.
A correlation coefficient of 0 means that there is
a)
a strong negative relationship between 2 variables
b)
a strong positive relationship between 2 variables
c)
a perfect positive relationship between 2 variables
d)
no relationship between 2 variables
51.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
52.
Which statement is correct?
a)
A stratified sample is more likely to be representative of the population than a convenience sample.
b)
A sample is always representative of a population.
c)
A convenience sample is more likely to be representative of the population than a stratified sample.
d)
A small random sample is more likely to be representative of the population than a large stratified sample.

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