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Chapter 8 Aquatic Biodiversity

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following are the two greatest long-term threats to coral reefs?

a)

ocean acidification and overfishing

b)

damage by divers and predation

c)

climate change and acidification

d)

erosion and sea-level rise

e)

climate change and predation

2.

Although they only occupy 0.2% of the ocean floor, coral reefs provide many benefits. Which of the following is not one of these?

a)

They provide significant free oxygen.

b)

They serve as natural barriers.

c)

They protect coastlines from erosion.

d)

They provide habitats for one-quarter of all marine organisms.

e)

They provide one-tenth of the global fish catch.

3.

If you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone, you would likely consider it a type of ____.

a)

benthos

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

phytoplankton

e)

ultraplankton

4.

A jellyfish would be considered a type of ____.

a)

benthos

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

phytoplankton

e)

ultraplankton

5.

Oysters, sea stars, and lobsters would be considered what type of organism?

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

benthos

e)

decomposers

6.

Strongly swimming consumers are most likely to be ____.

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

nekton

d)

benthos

e)

decomposers

7.

The single ocean on the earth is divided into four parts by the continents. Which of the following is not one of those parts?

a)

Atlantic

b)

Arctic

c)

Baltic

d)

Indian

e)

Pacific

8.

What prevents coral reefs from surviving below the euphotic zone?

a)

high water density

b)

high pressure

c)

saline water

d)

inadequate sunlight

e)

damage from storms

9.

Which of the following is not part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones?

a)

oceans

b)

estuaries

c)

inland wetlands

d)

coastal wetlands

e)

mangrove forests

10.

Which of the following is classified as a freshwater aquatic life zone?

a)

oceans

b)

mangrove forests

c)

rivers

d)

coral reefs

e)

coastal wetlands

11.

Net Primary Productivity is highest in ____.

a)

open oceans as nutrients are plentiful

b)

open oceans as disturbance is minimized

c)

shallow systems as nutrients are plentiful

d)

shallow systems as temperatures are cooler

e)

open oceans as sunlight is plentiful

12.

Which of the following is a major cause of increasing ocean acidification?

a)

eutrophication

b)

construction of dams and levees

c)

rising sea level

d)

rising levels of CO2

e)

decreasing dissolved oxygen

13.

Which of the following is not part of the coastal zone?

a)

estuaries

b)

coastal wetlands

c)

bathyal zone

d)

intertidal zone

e)

coral reefs

14.

What is the coastal marine ecosystem consisting of at least 60 species of plants that grow underwater in shallow marine and estuarine areas along most continental coastlines?

a)

salt marshes

b)

sea grass beds

c)

intertidal zones

d)

mangrove forests

e)

coral reefs

15.

Which of the following is a highly productive wetland that provides habitat for some 69 species of trees that can live in salty water?

a)

seagrass beds

b)

barrier beaches

c)

barrier islands

d)

coastal rain forests

e)

mangrove forests

16.

What is an area where a river meets the sea, and includes some of the earth’s most productive wetlands?

a)

euphotic zone

b)

estuary

c)

inlets

d)

bays

e)

coastal marshes

17.

Organisms in ____ must be able to avoid being swept away, crushed by waves, or being left high and dry at low tides, and must survive daily or seasonal salinity and temperature changes.

a)

estuaries

b)

coastal wetlands

c)

bathyal zone

d)

intertidal zone

e)

coral reefs

18.

The deepest part of the ocean is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

19.

Most photosynthesis in the open ocean occurs in the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

20.

The dimly lit zone in which zooplankton and smaller fishes predominate is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

euphotic zone

c)

estuary zone

d)

bathyal zone

e)

benthic zone

21.

In certain areas of the open sea, winds, ocean currents, and other factors cause water to come up from the depths to the surface, bringing nutrient from the ocean bottom. This process is called a(n) ____.

a)

downdraft

b)

updraft

c)

El Niño

d)

La Niña

e)

upwelling

22.

The zone in which you would expect to find deposit feeders along with oysters, clams, and sponges is the ____.

a)

euphotic zone

b)

abyssal zone

c)

coastal zone

d)

intertidal zone

e)

bathyal zone

23.

The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the ____.

a)

bathyal zone

b)

coastal zone

c)

littoral zone

d)

benthic zone

e)

abyssal zone

24.

The ocean zone that makes up less than 10% of the world's ocean area, yet contains 90% of all the marine species, is the ____.

a)

abyssal zone

b)

bathyal zone

c)

benthic zone

d)

coastal zone

e)

littoral zone

25.

Which human activity is least likely to be a major threat to marine systems?

a)

overfishing

b)

sinking of ships to create artificial reefs

c)

runoff of nonpoint source pollution

d)

invasive species introduced by humans

e)

habitat destruction from coastal development

26.

Which of the following is not a type of inland wetland?

a)

marshes

b)

littoral

c)

swamps

d)

prairie potholes

e)

Arctic tundra

27.

In large lakes, there are four distinct zones. Which of the following is not one of those zones?

a)

benthic

b)

littoral

c)

bathyal

d)

limnetic

e)

profundal

28.

The open, sunlit surface area away from the shore is in which zone?

a)

benthic

b)

littoral

c)

bathyal

d)

limnetic

e)

profundal

29.

In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the ____.

a)

limnetic zone

b)

benthic zone

c)

littoral zone

d)

profundal zone

e)

abyssal zone

30.

Humans have built dams and levees on many of the world’s rivers to control water flows. These structures ____.

a)

cause major river deltas to sink

b)

prevent flooding in areas downstream of the structure

c)

increase wetland habitat

d)

increase floodplain area

e)

improve habitat for wetland species

31.

Fish adapted to cool, dark waters in lakes are found in the ____.

a)

limnetic zone

b)

benthic zone

c)

littoral zone

d)

profundal zone

e)

abyssal zone

32.

Which of the following would be characteristic of the profundal zone?

a)

rooted plants

b)

low oxygen levels

c)

nourished by dead matter

d)

high photosynthetic activity

e)

decomposers and detritus feeders

33.

Deep lakes with steep banks that have a short supply of plant nutrients are ____.

a)

oligotrophic lakes

b)

eutrophic lakes

c)

culturally eutrophic lakes

d)

hypereutrophic lakes

e)

mesotrophic lakes

34.

Which of the following would be characteristic of a eutrophic lake?

a)

crystal clear waters

b)

limited population of phytoplankton

c)

small supply of plant nutrients

d)

well-supplied with nutrients for producers

e)

low net primary productivity

35.

In lakes, large numbers of decomposers are found in the ____.

a)

limnetic zone

b)

benthic zone

c)

littoral zone

d)

profundal zone

e)

abyssal zone

36.

If you fish for trout, you would be most likely to seek out which part of a stream?

a)

source zone

b)

benthic zone

c)

transition zone

d)

floodplain zone

e)

profundal zone

37.

Wide, slow-moving rivers containing lots of particulate matter (silt) would be typical of what aquatic life zone?

a)

source zone

b)

benthic zone

c)

transition zone

d)

floodplain zone

e)

profundal zone

38.

Four of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands; one is not. Choose the one that is not.

a)

filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants

b)

stopping the recharge of groundwater aquifers

c)

reducing flooding and erosion caused by storms

d)

helping to sustain stream flow during dry periods

e)

helping to maintain biodiversity by providing habitat

39.

Most of the wetlands that are lost are used for ____.

a)

mining

b)

urban development

c)

growing crops

d)

forestry

e)

recreation

40.

Since 1960, Chesapeake Bay has suffered from water pollution. What is a major cause of this?

a)

human population growth

b)

dam construction

c)

sea level rise

d)

introduction of exotic fish species

e)

waste from fishing boats