The diagram shows the tilt of Earth and the angle of arriving sunlight caused by this tilt. Which conclusion is supported by the diagram?

The diagram shows an arrangement of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. Which most likely occurs at Point X due to the positions of the illustrated bodies?

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth’s surface. Which of these is a greenhouse gas?

The following table identifies primary gases released by three active volcanoes. These data allow scientists to use a volcano as a model for which system?

Volcanic eruptions early in Earth’s history are believed to be responsible for a large proportion of the matter now found in which Earth structure?

The average yearly rainfall for Miami, Florida is about 58 inches. During the year, Miami goes through a dry period where it receives very little rainfall. Which factor is most likely responsible for the dry period?

The Earth’s equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?

Clay is watching the weather to prepare for a trip to the beach tomorrow. The forecast predicts that a low-pressure system will move in overnight. Which type of weather can Clay most likely expect in the morning?

The diagram below shows a very cold air mass moving over a large, warm lake. When cold air in the winter passes over large bodies of warm water, moisture is picked up. As the air rises rapidly over land,

Temperature inversions are common in the Los Angeles area. Which statement describes a characteristic of a temperature inversion that can lead to extended periods of poor air quality?

A high pressure system (H) is moving to the southeast as shown on the weather map. Cold air is usually found north and west of a high pressure system. Warm air is to the south and east of the front. Based on this information, what is the best prediction for weather on the day after the system passes the point marked X?

What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?

What would a warm air mass over the ocean most likely cause?

Winds blowing inland from oceans tend to have greater moisture than winds blowing over land. How does the high moisture content affect the coastal area climate?

Convection currents are formed in the atmosphere when cold air pushes warm air upward. Which property of the air is most responsible for the formation of convection currents?

High-pressure systems stop air from rising into the colder regions of the atmosphere where water can condense. What will most likely result if a high-pressure system remains in an area for a long period of time?

What is the main source of energy that drives all weather patterns?

Air masses have the same properties as the surface over which they develop. If an air mass develops over Region 1, which properties will it most likely have?

Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?

The arrow on the map below shows the location of an air mass over the Gulf of Mexico. An air mass that moves from the equator over the Gulf of Mexico would be

A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be

What are the characteristics of maritime polar air masses?

When a cold front moves over a land region that has warm, moist air, a transfer of energy occurs. Cold air sinks and pushes warmer air upward. As energy is removed from the air, which change will most likely take place?

Which of these processes in the water cycle heats the atmosphere most as a cyclonic storm forms over the ocean?

How do hurricanes form and move?

Tornadoes can occur throughout the United States. One area where most of the tornadoes occur is known as Tornado Alley. Which environmental factors most likely impact the formation of tornadoes in this area?

Hurricanes typically form during predictable times of year and in certain locations on Earth. Which factor best enables climatologists to forecast the time and location of hurricane formation?

How does air density affect air pressure in a cyclonic storm?

Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?

The air masses that interact to form hurricanes and cyclones rise and fall due to changes in air density and air pressure. Why do these storms also spin?

Which are widely considered to be safe locations during a hurricane?

What causes the differences in the air masses that permit hurricanes to form over oceans?

This graph illustrates temperatures for an area collected over several years. Why is the graph useful for making predictions of future temperatures for the area?

Volcanoes release several gases during eruptions. Which of these gases has been shown to cause significant cooling of the climate for one or more years after an eruption?

Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?

Visible light reaches Earth’s surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth’s atmosphere causes this to happen?

When compared to current average conditions, which term would best describe conditions in Earth’s lower atmosphere if greenhouse gases were absent?

Why should people still focus their efforts on limiting carbon dioxide emissions?

After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?

The average temperature of Earth has increased approximately 0.8°C in the last one hundred years. Which of the following do researchers most attribute to this temperature increase?

Urban City X has been reffered to as an urban heat island becuase it tends to be warmer than the surrounding rural areas. The report below lists changes that have occurred in one year in Urban City X.

Report for Urban City X:

8 roads were repaved population increased 20% Public transportation increased by 5% 4 new apartment complexs were built plans were drafted to build a local park a meeting was held about alternative energy sources

What is the main cause of Urban city X being an urban heat island?

Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?

The greenhouse effect is a process by which atmospheric gases, including help warm the atmosphere and surface of Earth. Some scientists think the greenhouse effect is increasing due to human activities. Which of these human activities has caused the greatest increase in concentrations of atmospheric

Large metropolitan areas are composed of hard surfaces that trap solar energy as heat, especially in the summer months. The EPA estimates that the trapped heat results in 1.5 – 2.0% increase in energy consumption for every 0.6 °C increase in air temperature in these urban heat islands. Most of this energy is supplied by power plants that rely on fossil fuels. Which of the following effects of increased energy use and regional air temperatures directly impacts human health?

Raising livestock, such as sheep and cattle, results in the production of large amounts of methane gas. Methane has the same effect in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. As more livestock are raised to provide food for humans, what is the most likely effect of the increase in methane?

Temperature affects the development of sea-turtle eggs. Eggs that are incubated at warmer temperatures are more likely to become females. Eggs incubated at cooler temperatures are more likely to become males. How would higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations most likely affect sea turtle populations?

In which atmospheric layer of Earth do thunderstorms occur?

Which contributes to the formation of hurricanes during the late summer?

Juan noticed that sunny skies suddenly became stormy. Which most likely happened when the weather changed in this way?