NH_3, HNO_3, H₂SO₄

H₃PO_4, H₂SO₄, H₂CO₃

H₃PO₃, H₂S , H₂CO₃

H₂S, CH₃COOH, HCOOH

HCOOH + H₂O ↔ HCOO^- + H₃O⁺

HNO₂ + H₂O ↔ NO₃^- + H₃O⁺

HF + H₂O ↔ F^- + H₃O⁺

HCN + H₂O ↔ CN^- + H₃O⁺

[HNO₂] / [H⁺][NO₂^- ]

[H⁺][NO₂^- ] / [HNO₂]

[HNO₃] / [H⁺][NO₂^- ]

[H⁺][NO₂^- ] / [HNO₃]

HCOOH, K_a = 1.8x10^-4

HIO_{3 ,} K_a = 1.6x10^-1

HF, K_a = 6.6x10^-4

HCN, K_a = 6.2x10^-10

pH ของ HCOOH = HCN = HF

pH ของ HCOOH < HF < HCN

pH ของ HCN < HCOOH <HF

pH ของ HF < HCOOH < HCN

F^-, HC^- , NO₂^-, ClO^-

F^-, CN^- , NO₂^-, ClO^-

F^-, CN^- , NO₃^-, ClO^-

F^-, CN^- , NO₂^-, HCl^-

NH₃ 0.1 M, K_b = 1.8x10^-5

HONH₂ 0.1 M, K_b = 9.1x10^-9

C₅H₅N 0.1 M, K_b = 1.5x10^-9

C₂H₅NH₂ 0.1 M, K_b = 4.3x10^-4

HNO₂

CH₃COOH

HF

HCN

HF 1.0 M

HF 0.1 M

HF 0.01 M

HF 0.001 M