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WorksheetsCognition
Total questions: 27
Worksheet time: 14mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a
a)
prototype.
b)
mental set.
c)
algorithm.
d)
fixation.
2.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
a)
an algorithm.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
belief perseverance.
3.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
4.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
divergent thinking.
c)
framing.
d)
convergent thinking.
5.
The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
confirmation bias.
6.
The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
confirmation bias.
7.
Jerome believes that his 4-year-old grandson is a hyperactive child because the boy's constant movement resembles Jerome's prototype of hyperactivity. Jerome's thinking best illustrates
a)
belief perseverance.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
functional fixedness.
8.
Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
confirmation bias.
c)
the availability heuristic.
d)
overconfidence
9.
Which of the following is the best example of framing?
a)
Alex was locked out of his car. He didn't think to use a coat hanger to unlock the door before calling the police.
b)
Zach felt very certain that he knew all the concepts in Chapter 2, so he was surprised to get 65 percent on the exam.
c)
Despite reading several research studies demonstrating that therapeutic touch is no more effective than a placebo in treating pain, Miriam still considers it a valid treatment option.
d)
A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.
10.
Which of the following is the best example of framing?
a)
Alex was locked out of his car. He didn't think to use a coat hanger to unlock the door before calling the police.
b)
Zach felt very certain that he knew all the concepts in Chapter 2, so he was surprised to get 65 percent on the exam.
c)
Despite reading several research studies demonstrating that therapeutic touch is no more effective than a placebo in treating pain, Miriam still considers it a valid treatment option.
d)
A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.
11.
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different
a)
prototypes.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
12.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)
a)
prototype.
b)
morpheme.
c)
syntax.
d)
algorithm.
13.
A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, “Can you please a ride to the airport me give?” This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the ________ of the English language.
a)
phonemes
b)
semantics
c)
syntax
d)
nomenclature
14.
The tendency to attend to evidence that confirms our expectations is called:
a)
hindsight bias
b)
confirmation bias
c)
anchor bias
d)
overconfidence bias
15.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
16.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a)
People underestimate the accuracy of their judgments.
b)
People pay closest attention to information that disconfirms what they believe.
c)
It is difficult for most people to explain away their failures.
d)
People are overconfident about how they will perform on various tasks.
17.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as:
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
18.
In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.” This best illustrates the importance of:
a)
syntax.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
19.
Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"?
a)
B. F. Skinner
b)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
c)
Noam Chomsky
d)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
20.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
divergent thinking.
c)
framing.
d)
convergent thinking.
21.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
divergent thinking.
c)
framing.
d)
convergent thinking.
22.
Dr. Mendoza is studying the mental strategies people use when solving problems. Dr. Mendoza is clearly a(n):
a)
Cognitive psychologist
b)
Experimental psychologist
c)
Organizational psychologist
d)
Developmental psychologist
23.
A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Concept
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
24.
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:
a)
Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical
reasoning
b)
Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the
basis on which they were formed has been discredited
c)
Search randomly through alternative solutions
when problem solving
d)
Look for information that is
consistent with one’s beliefs
25.
A, an and ill are all examples of:
a)
Phonemes
b)
Morphemes
c)
Syntax
d)
Grammar
26.
With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:
a)
The framing effect
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Mental set
d)
Overconfidence
27.
The rules most directly involved in permitting a person to derive meaning from words and sentences are rules of:
a)
Syntax
b)
Grammar
c)
Phonemic structure
d)
Semantics
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