Read the text.

Chewing your fingernails can be an issue not only for how your hands look, but for your health, too. Your fingers may become infected, and your teeth may suffer damage. If you want to stop, it's best to address nail biting with a combination of "carrots" (positive rewards) and "sticks" (adverse consequences). For a "stick," you can paint your nails with bitter-tasting nail polish or another bad-tasting substance. You can also try wearing a rubber band around your wrist and snapping the rubber band whenever you're tempted to nibble your nails. As a "carrot," treat yourself to a massage, yoga, or other stress-reducing activities. Once you've succeeded in getting your nails healthy again, it should be easier to remember not to bite them.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

When a person ingests caffeine, whether in the form of a cup of coffee or tea, a caffeinated soda, or even a piece of dark chocolate, the drug begins to take effect almost immediately. First, caffeine enters the bloodstream through the membranes of the stomach and small intestine. It is then metabolized by the liver, which breaks it down into other chemicals. Within fifteen minutes of consumption, most people begin to feel the effects of caffeine, which can include increased heart rate and feelings of alertness or well-being. Within six hours of consumption, about half of the original dose of the drug will have been eliminated from the body. This is why some people drink a second cup of coffee in the afternoon.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

Of the 1.3 billion residents of China, approximately 850 million speak Mandarin Chinese as their first language. For more than 60 million others, Cantonese Chinese is their first language. Although both languages are sometimes called "Chinese," the two sound so different that a Mandarin speaker and a Cantonese speaker cannot understand one another. Mandarin, spoken in Beijing and much of northern China, is the official language of mainland China. Cantonese, however, is more common in southern China and Hong Kong. Both languages are tonal, meaning that when pronouncing words, the voice must rise or fall in certain ways. However, Mandarin has four tones, while Cantonese has nine different ones.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy swept onto the East Coast of the United States with peak winds hitting one hundred miles per hour. In addition to the strong winds, the storm generated heavy rain and flooding and resulted in more than one hundred deaths. Sandy also contributed to storm surges and rising water levels all along the coast, from Florida to Maine. Parts of New York experienced tides more than twelve feet above normal. More than eight million people lost their electricity. Dunes, boardwalks, and homes were destroyed. Overall, the storm produced more than fifty billion dollars in property damage and other losses.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

A blacksmith makes objects such as tools, decorative items, horseshoes, and weapons from iron or steel. Before working with the metal, the blacksmith will first heat it. To do this, he or she places it in a fire or furnace, often holding it with tongs until it turns red hot. Then the metal is ready to work, and the blacksmith can hammer it flat, bend it, or twist it. As soon as the object is shaped just right, the blacksmith plunges it into a container of water. This quenches the metal, solidifying it quickly and hardening it.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

Congress passed the Clean Water Act of 1972 to address the serious environmental crisis of water pollution. In New York's Hudson River, levels of toxic bacteria were 170 times the level considered safe. Oil floating on the the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio, burst into flames in 1969. Factories were dumping pollutants into waterways, untreated sewage flowed directly into rivers, and untold numbers of fish were dying. The Clean Water Act restricted discharges of pollution into the nation's waters and authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to enforce water quality regulations. It also provided money for sewage treatment plants. Although the work to clean up the nation's lakes and streams is ongoing, water quality today is much better than it was in the 1960s.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

In 1957, when the schools of Little Rock, Arkansas, were still segregated by race, nine African American students sought to attend the all-white Central High School. The reaction to their effort resounded throughout the country. On the first day of school, Governor Orval Faubus called upon the Arkansas National Guard to bar the nine students from entering the school, and a mob of protesters harassed and threatened them. In response to this embarrassing spectacle, President Eisenhower sent federal troops into Little Rock to protect the students, who became known as the Little Rock Nine. As Americans watched these events on television, the courage and grace of the Little Rock Nine helped turn the tide in favor of civil rights for African Americans.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

Malaria and Zika are both diseases spread by mosquitos. Malaria is deadly, and people have been fighting it for centuries. Zika, though, emerged more recently. Although symptoms of a Zika infection are usually milder than those of a malaria infection, Zika is associated with birth defects in the babies of infected mothers. Malaria and Zika are spread by two distinct types of mosquitos: malaria by the Anopheles mosquito, and Zika by the Aedes mosquito. This means that different prevention techniques are recommended. Because Anopheles bite at night, using mosquito netting over beds can help people avoid malaria. Aedes, however, bite during the day. In areas where Zika is a concern, experts recommend using insect repellents and covering the skin with clothing.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

In the 1990s, a group of women in the African country of Gambia organized to take action on plastic bags. Lacking any recycling programs, people had been throwing their used plastic bags on the ground, along with other trash. Because plastic doesn't decompose the way other waste does, piles of bags accumulated. What could they do? The women came up with a novel answer for the plastic bag puzzle. They collected and cleaned old bags, then reused them by cutting them into strips and crocheting or knitting items such as purses from the plastic. Selling their handiwork at markets, the women raised money for additional recycling programs, which enabled them to further reduce plastic litter.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

The two main types of clouds that form low in the atmosphere, that is, below 6,500 feet, are cumulus and stratus. Stratus clouds develop horizontally, whereas cumulus clouds are formed vertically. Stratus clouds are flat, uniformly gray in appearance, and tend to fill the sky with layers of gloom. White, fluffy cumulus clouds, on the other hand, often float in a bright blue sky and have been called "fair weather clouds." Unlike stratus clouds, cumulus clouds are individual structures. They're flat on the bottom and more puffy toward the top. Given the right conditions in the atmosphere, cumulus clouds may also turn dark with rain, signaling the coming of a thunderstorm.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Read the text.

You may have heard that eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Perhaps that's not strictly true, but it is correct that including fruit in your diet can result in better overall health. Because it is so full of vitamins and nutrients, eating plenty of fruit can help reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of cancer. Many fruits, including bananas and melons, are also particularly rich in potassium, which may be helpful in lowering blood pressure. Additionally, the fiber in fruit can help combat type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?

Geologists classify types of rocks by closely examining certain characteristics. They often begin by looking at the rock through a magnifying lens to check for crystal structures, luster, and color. Breaking the rock shows the crystals fracture or cleavage.

How is this text primarily structured?

When I got home from school after a long boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly, and bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I spread the peanut butter on one side of the bread and the jelly on the other, and then I put the two pieces of bread together. After that, I enjoyed it while watching “Cops” on the TV. I swear, that was the best peanut butter and jelly sandwich I ever ate.

What is the primary text structure used?

Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming rate. Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our congress people. If we let them know that we demand the preservation of this species, maybe we can make a difference. Dr. Miller also thinks that we should donate to Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and empower those who are fighting the hardest to preserve the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do something.

What is the text structure primarily used here?

Before applying the screen protector, clean the surface of your phone’s screen with a soft cloth. Once the surface of your screen is clean, remove the paper backing on the screen protector. Evenly apply the sticky side of the screen protector to your phone’s screen. Smooth out any air bubble trapped on between the protector and the phone screen. Enjoy the added protection.

What text structure is primarily used?

. If you ask me, the perfect pizza has a thin crust, but not too thin. Even though I’m from Chicago, I prefer the New York style crust. Your perfect pizza might have tomato sauce on it, but mine has pesto on top of the crust. On the pesto I’d like to see lots of cheese: a full layer of shredded mozzarella and Romano cheese, and on top of the shredded mozzarella, I’d like to see some slices of fresh mozzarella. Now you might think I’m crazy for this one, but I’d really like to see some goat cheese in the crust. To top it all off, I’d like to see it polka-dotted with pepperoni slices. Now that’s what I call a pizza pie.

What is the primary text structure used here?