WorksheetsOrganism Growth and Cell Differentiation
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 15mins
When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because that cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?
Fail to complete S phase
Mutate during G1 phase
Repeat the cell cycle continuously
Die after completing mitosis
Which phase of mitosis is occurring in the cell indicated by the arrow?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Which part of the model represents S phase?
I
II
III
IV
Cells pass through a G2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?
So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place
So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis
So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells
So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue to grow.
What do the two arrows represent?
Arrow 1 represents prophase and Arrow 2 represents interphase.
Arrow 1 represents mitosis and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.
Arrow 1 represents interphase and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.
Arrow 1 represents meiosis and Arrow 2 represents prophase.
Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?
ATP production is inhibited.
Cell division is unregulated.
Somatic cell growth is inhibited.
Antibody activity is unregulated.
What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?
Making energy available for cellular activities
Creating bonds to form biomolecules
Producing sugars that assist with replication
Providing information to form proteins
Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many types of cells, including germ, somatic, and stem cells. Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by
ATP
DNA
lipids
sugars
Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G2 stage of the cell cycle?
The nuclear membrane disintegrates.
DNA replicates
Centrioles form
The nucleolus divides
Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways. Turing off these genes can cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of
tumors
allergies
hemophilia
cardiovascular disease
