WorksheetsAP Human Geography: Mid Term Study Guide
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 22hrs 16mins
According to the surviving evidence, the first person to write the word geography was
A) Aristotle.
B) Eratosthenes.
C) Strabo.
D) Thales of Miletus.
E) Thucydides.
Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the origins of geography?
A) Geography was invented as a science in the late 18th century.
B) Physical geography has been studied since ancient times, but human geography was first studied in the 20th century.
C) Geography owes its existence to the Renaissance period in Western Europe
D) Humans have practiced geography at least since the time of ancient Greek civilization.
E) Human geography was not practiced until powerful computers capable of mapping detailed information were invented.
What elements of study do human and physical geography have in common?
A) They are taught or studied within the same department in major universities, but only rarely.
B) They are concerned with where things occur and why they occur where they do.
C) They are dedicated primarily to managing national park systems.
D) They are focused primarily on managing the world's growing human population
E) They represent a network of academic professionals dedicated primarily to studying coal mining's effects on physical and human systems.
1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?
A) a bar line
B) a metric scale
C) a graphic scale
D) a written scale
E) a ratio or fraction
Scale is
A) the system used by geographers to transfer locations from a globe to a map.
B) the spread of a phenomenon over a given area.
C) the difference in elevation between two points in an area.
D) the relationship between the length of an object on a map and that feature on the landscape.
E) the ratio of the largest to smallest areas on a map.
A mathematical process for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map is a(n)
A) distribution.
B) interruption.
C) rendition
D) scale.
E) projection.
Distortion is especially severe and apparent on
A) globes.
B) small-scale maps.
C) large-scale maps.
D) topographic maps.
E) all maps.
The International Date Line is measured approximately from
A) 0 degrees latitude.
B) 0 degrees longitude.
C) 90 degrees latitude.
D) 180 degrees longitude.
E) 90 degrees longitude.
The name of a location on Earth's surface is a
A) scale name.
B) site.
C) situation.
D) toponym.
E) geonym.
Site identifies a place by its
A) location relative to other objects and places.
B) mathematical location on Earth's surface.
C) nominal location.
D) unique physical characteristics.
E) primary dimensions.
Which of the following are fundamental elements of culture?
A) customary beliefs, volcanic mountain ranges, and river settlements
B) material beliefs, customary forms, physical norms, and material social traits
C) social forms, material traits, customary beliefs, and physical environments
D) customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms
A computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data is
A) GIS.
B) GPS.
C) remote sensing.
D) USGS.
E) topographic analysis.
Moving toward the southwestern border of the United States, Spanish is increasingly spoken in addition to English. What type of region does this gradual change of language reflect?
A) formal
B) functional
C) vernacular
D) geo-linguistic
E) bilingual
To geographers, the spread of McDonald's around the world represents
A) economic proliferation.
B) a unique taste in nearly every location.
C) the relocation diffusion of restaurants.
D) economic globalization but not cultural globalization.
E) economic and cultural globalization.
In recent years, the global movement of money has been enhanced primarily by
A) establishment of new stock exchanges in London, New York, and Tokyo.
B) improvements in electronic communications.
C) relocation of production from core to peripheral regions.
D) uneven development of national banking sectors.
E) safeguards to ensure that economic recessions do not result from bank policies.
Globalization of the economy has
A) leveled economic differences between places.
B) heightened economic differences among places.
C) decreased investment in less developed countries.
D) drained resources from more developed countries.
E) decreased regional specialization of production.
Situation identifies a place by its
A) location relative to other objects or places.
B) mathematical location on Earth's surface.
C) nominal location.
D) unique, internal physical and cultural characteristics.
E) primary dimensions.
The arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth's surface is
A) dispersal.
B) spatial analysis.
C) spatial association.
D) distribution.
E) regional dissociation.
A ________ is the spread of something over a given study area.
A) concentration
B) density
C) distribution
D) pattern
E) diffusion
A hearth is
A) a region from which a phenomenon originates.
B) the process by which a feature or trend spreads
C) an area defined by one or more distinctive features or trends.
D) the modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more powerful one.
E) the perimeter or boundary marked by a regional feature.
The diffusion of HIV/AIDS prevention methods and treatments in the United States is an example of which type of diffusion?
A) contagious
B) hierarchical
C) relocation
D) stimulus
E) geospatial
The concept that the physical environment sets broad limits on human actions, but that people have the ability to adjust to a wide variety of physical environments is
A) climate
B) environmental determinism.
C) possibilism.
D) spatial association.
E) cultural relativism.
According to environmental determinism,
A) the physical environment causes different types of social and cultural development.
B) the physical environment sets loose limits on cultural and social actions.
C) people cannot adjust to different physical environments because of cultural traditions.
D) people can choose a course of action from many alternatives offered by the physical environment, and they can also engage in cultural behaviors that seem contradictory to the environment.
E) people determine their physical environment.
The Earth area of permanent human settlement is called the
A) hot zone.
B) civilized world.
C) geophenom.
D) ecumene.
E) subpolar region
Geographers might characterize as overpopulated a country where
A) there are too many people according to a standard economic measure of poverty.
B) the population numbers less than one million, but there is concern that the country's natural resources are adequate for only half that number.
C) the population numbers more than 100 million and there is concern about the finite limits of natural resources, although the resources available in the country seem adequate to that population
D) the population numbers more than one million, and there is an average distribution of population to resources.
Relatively few people live at ________, but there are significant exceptions, especially in Latin America.
A) low elevations
B) sea-level
C) high elevations
D) or near coastlines
E) the poles
Physiological density is the number of
A) acres of farmland per the total area of a country.
B) farmers per area of farmland.
C) people per area of flat land
D) people per area suitable for agriculture.
E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture.
Comparing the charts, maps, and other data on the world population growth in this chapter, one can deduce that after the Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago Earth's human population
A) changed little because of the availability of food from massive land animals.
B) began a long period of near stagnation, following a heretofore unprecedented period of rapid growth.
C) had not yet appeared on the surface of the planet.
D) began to increase at a heretofore unprecedented rate, following millennia of near stagnation.
E) increased at unprecedented rates for two centuries, then declined again.
Land suited for agriculture is called
A) population density.
B) agricultural density.
C) physiological land.
D) arid land.
E) arable land.
We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its physiological density by
A) increasing the amount of agricultural land.
B) limiting the number of farmers
C) increasing the areas of its urban centers.
D) increasing the size of its population.
E) limiting the number of farm animals.
A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a
A) high physiological density.
B) low physiological density.
C) high agricultural density.
D) low agricultural density.
E) low arithmetic density.
When the world's population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years is known as
A) doubling time.
B) doubling life expectancy
C) double increase rate.
D) double overpopulation.
E) double demographic transition.
We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its agricultural density if it
A) decreased the amount of agricultural land.
B) decreased the number of farmers.
C) increased the areas of its urban centers.
D) increased the size of its population.
E) decreased the number of farm animals.
Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?
A) Country A
B) Country B
C) The NIR is the same in both countries.
D) The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information.
E) The CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so it cannot help determine the NIR.
The shape of a country's population pyramid
A) is determined primarily by its crude birth rate.
B) has no correlation to its crude death rate.
C) cannot be used to estimate the country's dependency rate.
D) cannot be used to estimate the country's sex ratio.
E) is determined primarily by the combination of its crude birth rate and its crude growth rate.
The population pyramid of a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan may appear ________ because the city's population is dominated by elderly people.
A) "upside down"
B) to have a wide base
C) to have perfectly vertical sides
D) to be an "age-sex ratio"
E) "rightside-up"
The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) none of these stages
The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5
The low rate of contraceptive use in Africa reflects the region's
A) improving education of women.
B) low status of women.
C) rapid diffusion of contraceptives.
D) low status of men.
E) high rates of religious adherence.
The government of Bangladesh has helped reduce birth rates mainly by providing
A) an economy as developed as any in Europe.
B) access to and information about universities that women can attend.
C) information about choosing sexual abstinence.
D) access to and information about various methods of contraception.
E) religious reasons for improving the quality of life on Earth.
Stages 1 and 4 of the Demographic Transition are similar in that
A) both have low growth rates.
B) both have high dependency ratios
C) both have low dependency ratios
D) both have low life expectancies.
E) both have low death rates.
Thomas Malthus concluded that
A) population increased arithmetically while food production increased linguistically.
B) the world's rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies.
C) so-called "moral restraint" was producing lower crude birth rates
D) population growth was outpacing available resources in every country, according to algebraic calculations.
E) crude birth rates must balance crude death rates.
In comparing Malthus's theory to actual world food production and population growth during the past half-century, the principal difference is that
A) actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted.
B) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred.
C) actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted.
D) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred.
E) population increased geometrically while food production increased exponentially.
Dr. John Snow found that cholera cases in London were
A) spatially associated with certain public wells.
B) being punished for their sins.
C) being transmitted almost exclusively by French and Irish immigrants.
D) transmitted through the air in contagious diffusion.
the main seatrading routes by infected rats.
The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on
A) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition.
B) the means through which disease is transmitted spatially
C) non-contagious diseases such as heart disease, obesity, or diabetes.
D) new food sources which produced population explosions.
E) pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or AIDS.
Possible stage five epidemiological transition is the stage of
A) pestilence and famine.
B) receding pandemics, including possible zombie pandemics.
C) degenerative and human-created diseases.
D) delayed degenerative diseases.
E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.
The term ________ refers to the control of diseases.
A) transition
B) medicology
C) pandemiology
D) epidemiology
The most lethal epidemic in recent years has been
A) avian flu.
B) AIDS.
C) malaria.
D) cholera.
A country has net in-migration if immigration ________ emigration.
A) equals
B) exceeds
C) is closer to net migration than
D) is less than
E) varies more than
A permanent move to a new location is
A) migration.
B) mobility.
C) net migration.
D) net in-migration.
E) net out-migration.
Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted
A) women are more likely to migrate than men.
B) long migration distances are more likely than short.
C) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.
D) intraregional migration is more important than interregional migration in terms of political and economic resources
E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons.
Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?
A) economic
B) environmental
C) cultural
D) circulation
E) All of these answer choices are correct.
If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, barring any other evidence, you might strongly suspect that they originated in
A) Norway or England.
B) Ireland or Germany.
C) Italy or Poland.
D) Spain or Portugal.
E) Russia or Bulgaria.
The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at ________ of the demographic transition.
A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4
E) stage 5
Recent immigrants to the United State
A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states.
B) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts
C) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois and are seldom in other areas.
D) have not been attracted to rural and agricultural areas.
E) are spread throughout several states according to economic prospects.
In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades?
A) natural increase rate
B) net in-migration
C) crude birth rate
D) declining death rate
E) urban expansions
The greatest total number of foreign-born residents can be found in
A) China.
B) Australia.
C) Germany.
D) the United Kingdom
E) the United States.
Which of the following current migration flows is the least significant in terms of total numbers of people?
A) from Asia to Europe
B) from Africa to Europe
C) from Asia to North America
D) between and among Asian countries
E) from Latin America to North America
Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States?
A) rural to urban
B) urban to suburban
C) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan
D) net emigration from the northeast
E) all of the above
The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by
A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive.
B) dictating optimal locations for factories.
C) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior.) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior.
D) moving the capital to Brasilia.
E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast.
The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is
A) north to south.
B) region to region.
C) urban to rural.
D) city to city.
E) rural to urban.
An analysis of the chapter's map(s) of refugees suggests that
A) most of the world's refugees end up in the United States or the United Kingdom.
B) neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas.
C) there are seldom more than 100,000 refugees at any one time.
D) neighboring countries almost never accept refugees from war-torn areas.
E) the United States generally accepts fewer refugees than any other country.
Counterurbanization is
A) moving from an urban core to suburban areas.
B) due to expanding suburbs.
C) migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs.
D) the trend of the elderly retiring to communities in southern states such as Arizona or Florida.
E) the decline of the inner-city infrastructure.
Most guest workers head for which parts of Europe?
A) north and east
B) north and west
C) central
D) south and west
E) south and east
Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East experience some discrimination and harsher work conditions than citizens in their host countries, so it we might judge that they live as
A) unauthorized immigrants.
B) low-status foreigners.
C) almost exclusively Muslims.
D) high-status southern Europeans.
E) technical specialists invited as consultants.
Among the difficulties faced by the Soviet Union's program to attract migrants to its industrial zones was the following:
A) Many heavy industries were located in remote northern areas, which experienced harsh winters.
B) Migrants didn't move often because of high population growth.
C) The program provided no economic incentives.
D) The premier of the Soviet Union was criticized for engaging in fraudulent electoral practices, and the resulting lack of trust in the political system has kept workers from migrating.
E) Russian speakers were willing to migrate, but speakers of other languages were not.
Brain drain is
A) the large-scale emigration of talented people.
B) the process by which people are given reference for migration.
C) people forced to migrate for political reasons.
D) a cultural feature that hinders migration.
E) a net decline in literacy.
U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of
A) virtually ending immigration.
B) indirectly causing two world wars.
C) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world.
D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe.
E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited.
Given the textbook's description of Asian migration to the United States, we might conclude that most Asians today are migrating to the U.S. through the process of
A) expansion diffusion.
B) brain drain.
C) chain migration.
D) undocumented immigration.
E) global circulation.
A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration it is an example of
A) an environmental push factor.
B) a forced migration.
C) an intervening obstacle.
D) a cultural pull factor.
E) an environmental incentive.
The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a
A) custom.
B) popular culture.
C) habit.
D) taboo.
E) character trait.
Folk cultures are spread primarily by
A) contagious diffusion.
B) hierarchical diffusion.
C) relocation diffusion.
D) stimulus diffusion
E) epidemic diffusion
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary
A) from place to place at a given time.
B) from time to time at a given place.
C) both from place to place and from time to time, in equal measure.
D) neither from place to place nor from time to time.
E) only in more developed countries.
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and
A) homogeneous groups
B) heterogeneous groups
C) groups living in isolated rural areas.
D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.
E) groups of specialists.
As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from
A) the "discovery" of leisure time.
B) the application of industrial technology.
C) familiar events in daily life
D) a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular social group.
E) global communications, such as television and the Internet.
Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is adopted by a number of different societies. They are also an example of
A) punk culture.
B) popular culture.
C) folk culture.
D) white-collar culture.
We can deduce from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture
A) discourages people in different places to adopt different customs.
B) depends on modern communication systems.
C) is an example of relocation diffusion.
D) conserves natural resources.
E) always occurs at the expense of folk culture.
Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to
A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters.
B) be considered examples of culture.
C) feature instruments and styles of performance associated with dance clubs.
D) be transmitted in written form.
E) be written by specialists for commercial distribution.
The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten folk culture by
A) being less responsive to the diversity of local environments.
B) threatening local environments through the diffusion of information by technology
C) serving as a catalyst for the advancement of folk culture.
D) being more responsive to the diversity of local environments.
Cultural diversity is promoted by
A) the relative isolation of a group from others.
B) globalization.
C) the rapid movement of goods and services across borders.
D) expansion diffusion.
E) the connections between homogeneous groups.
Hip hop music demonstrates an interplay between globalization and local diversity because
A) it is a form of folk culture responsible for the globalization of modern music.
B) it is a part of popular culture which threatens to overwhelm local folk cultures.
C) artists may be widely popular yet still make local references in their song lyrics.
D) some lyrics can't be transmitted over the radio and television.
E) hip hop music is played in many Islamic countries.
Americans' preferences for beverages and snacks
A) vary according to what is produced locally.
B) do not vary from one region of the country to another.
C) do not vary according to religious differences.
D) are primarily dependent on income differences.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while early settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that building materials
A) are strongly influenced by local resources.
B) are commonly imported over long distances because of local folk culture.
C) are chosen because of the diffusion of popular culture.
D) are a uniform feature of folk culture.
E) are elements of popular culture.
Given recent trends in communications, in the next five years the number of television programs viewed over the Internet might be expected to
A) remain about the same
B) decrease slowly as the number of broadcast television stations increases.
C) decrease slowly as cable and satellite television services offer more channels.
D) decrease dramatically.
E) increase dramatically.
Some features of U.S. material culture such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels
A) promote a uniform landscape.
B) reflect the preservation of folk culture.
C) provide diversity on the U.S. landscape.
D) promote diffusion of folk culture.
E) show high regional variation.
Marriage dowries in India reflect
A) that some families value male children more.
B) a traditional folk custom.
C) a popular fad.
D) the value of women as mothers and wives.
E) that most families value female children more.
Which of the following statements reflects the environmental impact of culture?
A) Folk culture never causes environmental impacts while popular culture does.
B) Solid waste is the least visible of wastes generated from culture.
C) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand for certain natural resources.
D) Environments are not affected by the level of pollution generated by human activity.
E) Folk culture does not affect the environment but popular culture does.
Explain why today's less developed societies moved from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of the demographic transition.
large-scale migration to the suburbs because of pull by a suburban lifestyle
diffusion of medical technology from more developed countries
loss of traditional values; fear of domination by Western countries
loss of traditional values; fear of domination by Western countries.
Describe suburbanization in more developed countries.
China; taboo against pork consumption by Hindus
Popular customs are invented; folk customs have anonymous source, unknown date, unknown originator.
large-scale migration to the suburbs because of pull by a suburban lifestyle
diffusion of medical technology from more developed countries
List the three types of migration push and pull factors.
large-scale migration to the suburbs because of pull by a suburban lifestyle
diffusion of medical technology from more developed countries
political; economic; environmental
China; taboo against pork consumption by Hindus
