Throughout its expansion, the Roman Empire borrowed and adapted cultural elements from the

The Romans created an enduring civilization whose art, engineering, language, _____________, and philosophy became its legacy to the world.

The mixing of the Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture produced a new cultural legacy that created a foundation of Western Civilization, the modern culture of

In many countries, the Justinian Code has been the basis for

Constantinople at first resembled cities in the Roman Empire because

Which Roman emperor relocated the capital from Rome to Constantinople?

Latin is the basis of many European languages, such as

What was the modern city of Istanbul called during the days of the Western Roman Empire?

During the Nika Rebellion, Justinian chose not to flee Constantinople because

What language was used throughout the Roman Empire?

What was the Justinian Code?

Which ancient civilization influenced Roman literature and philosophy?

Which words best describe Roman achievements?

A set of arches that supports the roof of the building.

A picture or design made by setting small pieces of stone, glass or tile onto a surface.

A type of sculpture in which images are projected/extended from a flat background.

An artificial channel, typically in the form of a bridge, that carries water to populated areas by means of gravity.

The art of designing and constructing buildings.

Which of the following best describes the Qur'an?

Which of the following best describes Muslims?

Why did the Shi'a refuse to accept the Umayyad rule?

Which group of Muslims was called the "party" of Ali?

Which Muslim group believed the caliph did not have to be a relative of Muhammad?

The Arab city whose name means "the city of the prophet" is

Which achievement helped Muslims fulfill 3 of the 5 pillars of Islam?

Muslims believe that the Qur'an contains messages that Muhammad received from

In order to follow Allah's will, Muslims must

Muslims, Christians, and Jews believe in one God. What is this belief called?

Muslims believe the true language of Islam to be?

What is Islam's main teaching?

Why did Muhammad begin his teaching in Mecca?

Why did Muhammad move to Medina?

Which is a belief shared by Islam, Judaism, and Christianity?

Muslim merchants spread the religion of Islam along with the Arabic language through

Because Allah is the creator of life, what form of art was encouraged in Islam instead of drawing images of living beings?

What famous piece of Muslim literature tells the adventures of well known characters, such as Aladdin?

What do Muslims do on a hajj?

One of the five pillars of Islam is alms. How do Muslims achieve this pillar?

The division of Islam that believes the caliph doesn't have to be a relative of Muhammad.

The Islamic holy month in which Muslims fast.

A market place of bazaar

The division of Islam that believes the caliph needs to be a descendant of Muhammad.

One who has submitted to Allah.

The arts, architecture, and religious tolerance flourished under this Mughal leader.

By defeating the Byzantine Empire, which leader renamed Constantinople?

Who led the Safavid Empire to it's golden age and built the capital city Esfahan?

Known as the Magnificent, who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire at its height?

A dazzling tomb built during the Mughal Empire, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.

Muhammad's example which is considered the model of proper living by Muslims.

Considered to be the greatest architectural achievement of the Muslim world.

The system of law that regulates family life, moral conduct, business practices, and political affairs of Muslims.

A philosophy that encourages Muslims to discover a personal relationship with Allah.

Considered to be Islam's most sacred text.

How did Ghana's rulers make sure that gold remained an important trade good?

In most traditional African religions, people honored

Explain why North African Muslims were able to take over Ghana's role as leader of West African trade?

During the Songhai Empire, which city became famous as a center of learning for medicine?

Essential to producing a diverse economy, West Africans focused on specific types of work. This process is known as

West Africans constructed effective tools and weapons using a durable metal called

What happened to the population of West Africa as they produced a food surplus?

The Berbers relied upon what animal to carry heavier loads longer distances across the Sahara Desert?

Trans-Saharan caravans helped to generate great wealth by trading ___________________ and _________________ among West African villages.

Which trade route led to great wealth while transforming West African villages into centers of culture and learning?

West African Muslims believe the true language of Islam to be?

Based on Mansa Musa's religious beliefs, what book would he have used for a holy text?

West Africans who practiced animism provided food for spirits. Why?

The nomadic, native people of called the Berbers converted and helped spread which religion through the means of trans-Saharan trade?

Despite the absence of a written language in West Africa, oral history was preserved through the storytelling of

The first West African empire to control the trade of gold and salt is

Berber merchants and traders spread the religion of Islam along with the Arabic language through

Ghana's rulers found a way to control and profit off trade by

The West African Empire of Mali was located along the fertile soil of the

Mansa Musa introduced Mali's empire to the world as he

Timbuktu regained prominence as a cultural center with its mosques, libraries, and universities during the

A spoken record of past events.

Essential to producing a diverse economy, West Africans focused on specific types of work.

West Africans discovered that certain types of rock could be heated in order to produce a durable metal.

A route that generated great wealth and transformed West African villages into centers of culture and learning.

The typical household of West Africa included the parents, child(ren), and several generations of close relatives.

A mix of myth and legend, this epic reveals the history of Ghana.

A group of storytellers entrusted with the task of remembering and teaching history.

Short sayings of wisdom or truth used to teach lessons.

Recited accounts of long poems about kingdoms and heroes.

A mix of myth and legend, this epic details the history of Mali.

The king who brought stability to Songhai by encouraging cooperation and practicing both the Muslim and local beliefs.

Mali's most famous ruler was a Muslim king.

The nomadic, native people of North Africa who utilized camels to travel and carry goods throughout the Sahara Desert.

The military leader of the people's rebellion who would help Songhai to become a cultural center for learning.

The leader of Mali as it rose to power who helped to improve agriculture and introduced cotton.

The nomadic people who invaded and conquered China, establishing a vast empire were the _____________________ .

Advances in farming took place during which particular dynasties?

The Mongols encouraged foreign trade by

Which belief system held that people should give up worldy desires and seek enlightenment?

How did the Song rulers try to ensure that government officials were educated and honest?

The ideas of ________________ appealed to the rulers of Korea and Japan, who adopted them in their government.

By A.D. 1279, this Mongol ruler completed the conquest of China.

Which leader is credited with unifying Mongol clans while conquering territories with a large army and establishing the foundation for the largest contiguous empire in world history?

This influential Chinese invention allowed explorers and navigators to determine direction, travel greater distances and guide trade ships and warships.

This Chinese advancement allowed a printer to arrange/rearrange and reuse individual characters within a frame.

This invention became an easy and inexpensive way to keep records while helping the Chinese to more effectively manage their growing wealth.

The Chinese mixture of chemicals became useful in military weapons forever, changing the course of history.

In order to obtain a position in government, candidates had to pass a series of written examinations based upon their knowledge of Confucianism. This system of test created a new class of leaders known as the

This famous European's travels across China were published in a manuscript that included detailed accounts of his trips as a government official under Kublai Khan.

The Ming Dynasty reasserted Chinese superiority through maritime expeditions. Who distributed and accepted gifts to ensure peace and security?

Located in the capital city of Beijing, this large complex is made up of an imperial palace, government offices, and temples surrounded by fortified walls to keep commoners and foreigners out is called the

The majority of this massive complex that stretches 2,000 miles across China was constructed during the Ming Dynasty.

One of the Ming Dynasty's renovations involved a series of locks and dams to regulate water depth. This improvement led to this waterway becoming the economic lifeline for Chinese trade.

A policy of avoiding contact with other countries was practiced during the Ming Dynasty as foreign influences were eliminated from society. What is this practice called?

This dynasty extended the Grand Canal, established Beijing as the new capital and had Marco Polo serve as a government official.

This dynasty lasted only 30 years and lies between the Period of Disunion and the Tang dynasty.

Considered foreigners by the Chinese, Genghis Khan conquered all of northern China during this reign.

During this period, influential inventions and advancements led to population growth and increased trade and commerce.

An era of exploration was launched near the beginning of this era while a period of isolation would bring the end of this rule.

A new philosophy sparked a renewal and desire to improve Chinese society when all citizens fulfill their role by appropriate behavior.

One of the basic principles in Confucianism that is based upon concern for others.

The dominant Chinese philosophy that focused on proper behavior for individuals and government.

One of the basic principles in Confucianism that is based upon appropriate behavior.

Based upon the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, this religion taught that people could escape suffering and achieve a state of peace.

A payment made by a weaker power to a stronger power in order to obtain an assurance of peace and security.

The emperor who established a strong, central government that laid the foundation for future dynasties between the Period of Disunion and the Tang dynasty.

Considered the greatest of the period, this navigator reestablished Chinese dominance during an era of exploration.

The most famous European to visit China, he served as a government official under Kublai Khan.

A phrase that refers to sea trade.

Which of the following is the traditional religion of Japan?

Becoming the most powerful person in the empire, this Minamoto commander ended thirty years of civil wars with the Genpei War.

In feudal Japan, warriors were called

What was the emperor's role in feudal Japan?

People who follow Shinto believe

Prince Shotoku looked to this country as an example of successful government.

Lady Murasaki Shikibu wrote the world's first novel that provides an account of life in the imperial court.

This family believed they were descended from the most powerful kami, empowering their chief to become the first emperor of Japan.

In early Japanese society, what individual provided political and spiritual leadership for Japanese clans?

While keeping their native form of speech, the Japanese adopted this foreign writing system, making it the official language of the government.

The Japanese regent who introduced Buddhism, Confucianism, and other aspects of Chinese culture.

Rejecting elaborate services, this form of religion chanted the name Buddha repetitively to achieve enlightenment.

Followers of this religion believe that neither faith nor good behavior could produce wisdom. People should practice self-discipline and deep meditation in order to seek enlightenment.

This philosophy outlined the structure and proper behavior of families while stressing social and civic responsibility for its followers.

While the emperor ruled through handpicked governors, this period in Japanese history was reorganized after the complex model of Chinese government.

Based upon the elegance and sophistication of the imperial court, this period in Japanese history was regarded as the "golden age" of the arts.

During the Heian period, this noble family assumed control of the Japanese government.

Admired for their devotion and discipline, this group endured social restrictions including participating in trade/commerce.

After the Genpei War, the Japanese emperor appointed Yoritomo as the supreme military commander, a position known as

This group of peasants were the most honored because they produced food that nourished all members of society.

The Shinto religion is based on

This group of peasants were the least valued because they profited from the work of others.

Divine spirits that dwell in nature.

The belief that people seeking enlightenment should practice self-discipline and deep meditation.

The belief that people seeking enlightenment should repetitively chant the name of Buddha.

The indigenous religion that emphasized a respect for nature and the worship of ancestors.

A philosophy that was regarded as an ethical system, stressing social and civic responsibility.

A group of nobles who serve and advise the ruler.

Members of the upper class or nobility.

A military government

A person who appears to rule even though real power rests with someone else.

A strict code of behavior known as "the way of the warrior".

An arrangement in which landowners granted people property or compensation in exchange for labor or military service.

Powerful clan leaders who maintained order within their provinces through private armies of skilled warriors.

The highest ranking noble who sometimes ruled as figurehead.

The supreme military commander who governed with absolute power in the name of the emperor.

These warriors safeguarded provinces by following a strict code of behavior.