the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried; prohibited in the Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution

a system of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without appropriate legal procedures and protections

according to the Ninth Amendment, any right that is not specifically addressed in the Constitution still may be protected (e.g., privacy)

the right of the government to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment requires that fair compensation be made when property is taken under eminent domain

a guarantee under the 14th Amendment that a state must treat a citizen or class of citizens the same as it treats other citizens or classes in like circumstances, also in the fifth amendment

the act of a person refusing to testify under oath in a court of law on the grounds that the answers could be used as evidence against him to convict him of a criminal offense

a trial in which the issue is determined by a judge and a jury, usually with 12 members, whose job is to determine facts and make a judgment of guilty or not guilty; protected in the Sixth Amendment

the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, establishing rights and protections for American citizens

the right of a defendant to be assisted by an attorney, and if he cannot afford his own lawyer, the government must appoint one for him

the right to vote

the process by which police or other authorities who suspect that a crime has been committed do a search of a person's property and collect any relevant evidence to the crime