IM/IV Condensation derivative of tetracycline with pyrollidine and formaldehyde in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Ointment- Topical & ophthalmic use

Streptomyces rimosus

Chemical analogue of chlortetracycline

IM/IV

Chemical modification of oxytetracycline

Streptomyces aureofaciens

Adverse effect: photosensitivity (erythema)

Preferred for uremic patients with infections outside the Urinary Tract

Active against gram + bacteria (staphylococcal & streptococcal)

Treatment of chronic bronchitis & other URTI and UT IN. meningitides

Antibiotics from Actinomyes

1950-Picromycin

1952-Erythromycin, Carbomycin

Derivatives of Erythromycin

(Clarithromycin

It binds selectively to a specific site on the 50s ribosomal subunit to prevent the translocation step in protein synthesis.

S.aureus-produces an enzyme that methylates a specific adenine residue at the erythromycin-binding site of the bacterial 50s ribosomal subunits.

Isolated from Streptomyces erytraeus Effective against URT and soft tissue infections Against venereal disease

Eaton agent pneumonia (M.pneumoniae)

filmcoated to protect it from acid degeneration in the stomach.

USP- Its absorpatio9n is enhanced by food.

obtained from the soil bacteria of Iloilo –ILOSONE. High incidence of cholestatic hepatitis.

Intended for IV administration. Treatment of serious infection (Legionnaire’s disease)

USP- IV for treatment of serious infections.

6-methylether of erythromycin Lyme’s disease, Mycobacterium avium complex MAC Inhibits cytochrome P450 oxidases ADR:GI symptoms.

Zithromax : Oral absorption is good provided it would be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Food decrease its absorption Prolonged elimination half-life of up to 5 days Treatment of RTI, Urogenital and other sexually transmitted disease, uncomplicated urethritis and cervicitis.

Enteric-coated tablet to protect it from acid-catalyzed hydrolysis in the stomach. SIDE EFFECTS: GI side effects Alternative to erythromycin for the treatment of bacterial infections of uRTI & IRTI (pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia) bacterial infection soft tissue & skin infections. Once a day dosing.

Most potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes Can potentiate hepatotoxicity with anti-inflammatory steroids & oral contraceptives, theophylline, carbazempine, triazolam Allergic reaction & cholestatic hepatitis. Use in treatment of URTI

Sulfur containing antibiotics derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis MOA: binds with 50s ribosomal subunit to inhibit protein synthesis.

Use in the treatment of Osteomyelitis. ADR: Severe diarrhea, severe diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis.

Treatment of URT, SSTIs

-Treatment of serious infections.

Consists of several structurally similar but chemically distinct entities isolated from a single source Contain D-amino acids and or unnatural amino acids not found in higher plants & animals. Contain non-amino acids moieties. Glycopeptide antibiotics (such as decaplanin, ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin) acts by disorganizing cell membrane integrity of glycopeptide polymerization.

Streptomyces orientalis Treatment of endocarditis Is a glucopeptide containing two glycosidically linked sugars (glucose and vancosamine) and a complex cyclic peptide aglycon containing aromatic residues linked to resorcinol ether system. MOA: Inhibits cell wall synthesis by preventing the stnthesis of cell wall mucopeptide polymer

Actinoplanes teichomycetisus IM or IV: Once a day dosing Against gram + and gram- bacteria MOA: Impairs bacterial cell wall synthesis by complexing with D-alanine-d-alanine dipeptide of the peptidoglycan preventing cross linking.

Bacillus subtillis MOA: Inhibition of mucopeptide cell wall synthesis Its action is enhanced by zinc Parenteral- systemic & local infection ORAL-treatmen of amebic infections within the alimentary canal

Bacillus polymyxa, B. aerosporus Against gram organism (burn & wounds)

Aerobaciilus colistinus Treatment of UTI caused by gram-bacteria Sulfate-oral Methanesulfate-parenteral

Bacillus brevis MOA: Ionophore in bacterial cell memberanes to cause the loss of potassium ion from the cell (bactericidal) Troches-throat infections;

Streptomyces venezuelae MOA: Inhibits protein synthesis by binding with the 50s ribosomal subunit preventing the formation of peptide bond ADR: Serious blood dyscrasias Treatment of Typhoid fever, influenza, pneumonia & meningitis, rickettsial infection

Unclassified antibiotics used for oral use

Streptomyces spheroids & s.niveus Bacteriostatic Inhibits bacterial protein and nucleic acid synthesis Binds with DNA gyrase interfere with DNA supercoiling and energy transduction of bacteria Effective against gram-bacteria] ADR: urticarial, allergic skin rashes, hepatotoxicity and blood dyscarsias

Unclassified antibiotics use for IV

Pseudomonas fluorescens Treatment of impetigo, eczema and folliculitis Interferes with RNA synthesis & protein synthesis Irreversibly binds with isoleucyl tRNA synthase to prevent incorporation isoleucine to bacterial proteins

Streptomyces pristinaspiralis For the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram + organisms such as vancomycin resistant E.faecium

Binds to 30s & 70s ribosomal subunits & prevents irritation complexes involving these subunits For complicated & uncomplicated skin and SSTIs infections, community and hospital acquired pneumonia and drug resistant gram + infections.

Isolated from fermentation of Streptomyces spp. For uncomplicated UTI Currently, Fosfomycin.