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Written in Bone Chapters 3 & 4

Total questions: 36

Worksheet time: 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The process of conserving bones has many steps. Place the steps in order.

A. Lavin removed all traces of soil.

B. The bones were dried out.

C. Lavin set aside bone samples to be studied.

D. Bone fragments were glued together.

E. Lavin coated the bones with an acrylic mixture.

F. The bones were wrapped and placed in storage boxes.

a)

C, A, B, E, D, F

b)

A, C, B, E, D, F

c)

B, C, A, E, D, F

d)

F, C, A, E, D, F

2.

What characteristic of JR1225B was determined by measuring his leg bones?

a)

weight

b)

height

c)

age

d)

diet

3.

Which of the following was NOT an injury JR1225B encountered while alive?

a)

He was shot with an arrowhead.

b)

He had two fractured ribs.

c)

He had a broken clavicle.

d)

He had suffered a blow to the head.

4.

TRUE OR FALSE?

Advances in medicine has made life easier today than it was during colonial times.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

5.

Which element can tell us what grains a person ate?

a)

carbon

b)

hydrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

iron

6.

Why are the remains of JR1225B thought to be Richard Mutton?

a)

He was the only boy to make the trip to the New World.

b)

His name disappeared from the historical record after 1607.

c)

He was the only teenager listed in historical documents.

7.

Which of the following is NOT true of The Captain's remains?

a)

The remains were buried in a coffin.

b)

The remains were found under a church.

c)

The remains were buried outside the fort.

d)

The remains were found under a trash pit.

8.

What artifact was found with The Captain's remains?

a)

A leading staff

b)

A ring

c)

Pottery

d)

A crown

9.

TRUE OR FALSE?

The captains remains were in excellent condition.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

10.

Why were the captain's remains in such good condition?

a)

He was buried in sandy soil.

b)

He was buried in damp soil.

c)

He was buried in muddy soil.

d)

He was buried in swampy soil.

11.

What does it mean when there is a green stain on the bone?

a)

A shroud pin was used. .

b)

The bone was broken.

c)

The bone is old.

d)

The bone is brittle.

12.

Which of the following is NOT true about The Captain?

a)

He was 5 feet 10 inches tall.

b)

He had arthritis.

c)

He was a slender man.

d)

He was 33-39 years old.

13.

TRUE OR FALSE?

The captain spent most of his life performing hard labor.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

14.

TRUE OR FALSE?

The Captain was a poor man during his life.

a)

FALSE

b)

TRUE

15.

Who do the scientists believe The Captain is?

a)

Bartholomew Gosnold

b)

John Smith

c)

Dog Owsley

d)

Richard Archer

16.

What was Bartholomew Gosnold's occupation?

a)

ship captain

b)

blacksmith

c)

slave

d)

farmer

17.
Why did Michael Lavin send bone samples to Dr. Owsley? 
a)
These bone samples had not been treated with a conservation material that would protect them from decay and damage. These bones would be used by Dr. Owsley for scientific analyses that are performed on bones that have not been treated. 
b)
Dr. Owsley had never seen bones like this before and needed to study them for documentation.
c)
Dr. Owsley and his team collected these types of bones.
18.
What did Michael Lavin do with the remaining bones? 
a)
1. Removed all soil
2.  Dried the skeleton ( took two weeks)
3.  Coated the bones with acrylic
4. Glued broken bones together
5.Wrapped bones in material used to protect fragile items
6. Placed bones in storage boxes
7. Stored boxes in a humidity-controlled and temperature-controlled vault. 
b)
Tagged them, dried them and shipped them to Dr. Owsley.
c)
Left them because they did not have permission from the Indian tribe to study them.
19.
What did the scientists at the Smithsonian Institution forensic laboratory do with the bones? 
a)
Shipped them to Dr. Owsley.
b)
Identified who they belonged to.
c)
1. Placed the bones on the table in anatomically correct positions
2. Examined each bone and tooth and took notes
3. Used calipers to measure long bones
4. Examined femur where the arrowhead was found and examined the broken clavicle (collarbone) 
20.
What did the scientists discover about the skeleton? 
a)
 It was that of an African decent and he died of a wound to the leg and mouth.
b)
1. There was a depression in front of the skull which might have been caused by a blow to the head.
2. There were holes in the roofs of the eye sockets which could be caused by iron deficiency.
3.    There were Harris lines in the leg bones which are a sign of poor nutrition or the stress of disease.
4. There was infection in the lower jaw causing a potentially fatal infected tooth which could have been easily treated in modern times. 
c)
It was a young male.
21.
What was revealed by the stable Carbon-13 isotope analysis?  
a)
What the deceased ate.
b)
What the deceased did for a living.
c)
Information about the person’s diet which provides clues to his birthplace and the amount of time he had lived in colonial America.
22.
What causes the differences in the Carbon-13 analysis results between people living in England and people living in America? 
a)
It is caused by how many men lived at James Fort.
b)
It is caused by how many children the women had given birth to.
c)
It depends on how much water they had to drink. 
d)
The differences are caused by the grains people eat. People living in England ate barley, wheat, and rye, but people in colonial America ate corn. 
23.
What information did the scientists find that pointed to the identification of the boy in the Jamestown grave?  
a)
The boy was of African decent and was a slave to a Colonial man.
b)
The boy was a Native Amercian killed by a Colonial American and buried at the fort.
c)
A Carbon-13 analysis of his bones measured -19.3, placing him in England.  Five boys arrived from England in 1607. One was too young. Two were documented to be alive in 1608. One named Richard Mutton was on the list of arrivals in 1607 but does not appear in other records. No information was given about the fifth boy. 
24.
What do the scientist think likely caused JR1225B's mortality?
a)
corn
b)
Indian attack or violence
c)
tooth infection
d)
starvation
25.
calipers 
a)
an instrument with two hinged legs like a pair of compasses used for measuring 
b)
done with secrecy
c)
a device for determining the presence and location of an object by measuring the time for the echo of a radio wave to return from it and the direction from which it returns
d)
the branch of geology concerned with the order and position of layers of archaeological remains
26.
askew 
a)
causing something to happen sooner than it otherwise would
b)
likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing
c)
 not in a straight or level position 
27.
Why was the "Captain's" body so well preserved?
a)
he was shrouded
b)
he was in a coffin
c)
he was buried in sandy soil
d)
he was buried later than most
28.
How did George Percy's journal assist in the investigation?
a)
he mentioned that Captain Gosnold had arrived in Jamestown
b)
He mentioned that Captain Gosnold had been sick
c)
He mentioned that Captain Gosnold was on his death bed
d)
He mentioned that Captain Gosnold had been buried with ceremony
29.
What ties George Percy's journal entry to the remains found by archaeologists?
a)
the shrouding of the body to protect others from illness
b)
the fact that a cermonial staff was buried with the deceased
c)
the coffin indicated that the peole had time to build it and knew he'd need it
d)
all answers are correct
30.
Which of the following is Captain Gosnold NOT responsible for doing?
a)
Naming Cape Cod
b)
Exploring Maine and Massachusettes
c)
Making peace with the Indians
d)
Convincing John Smith to settle Virginia
31.
Which fact made "the Captain's" grave interesting?
a)
the body was shrouded
b)
the top layer was a trash pit
32.
Which fact made "the Captain's" grave interesting?
a)
He was buried in a wooden coffin
b)
He was buried alone
33.
Which fact made "the Captain's" grave interesting?
a)
He was buried outside of the fort
b)
he had missing teeth
34.
What three facts are known about Captain Gosnold?
a)
he was a well trusted captain, he died in August 1610, he arrived in Jamestown in 1607
b)
he arrived in Jamestown in 1607, he was 39 years old, he was ill for 3 weeks
c)
he arrived in Jamestown in 1607, he was captain of the ship Godspeed, he was ill for 3 weeks
35.
What was learned about the Captain from the investigation?
a)
he had a major jaw infection, was left handed, was 5'3" and slender, he lived in Virginia a long time
b)
he had all his teeth when he died, he had chronic nasal infections, he had a major jaw infection, he was right-handed
c)
He was 5'3" and slender, had chronic nasal infection, member of upper class, had a sprained ankle, was right-handed
36.
Who do the scientists believe "the Captain" is?
a)
Ferdinando Wenman
b)
Gabriel Archer
c)
Bartholomew Gosnold

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