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Ch.9&10-THINKING, LANGUAGE, & INTELLIGENCE

Total questions: 57

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Using a mathematical formula to find the solution to a problem is an example of

a)

elaborative rehearsal

b)

a means-end analysis

c)

insight

d)

an algorithm

e)

divergent thinking

2.

The utterance “likes dog my swim to” does not sound correct because it violates the rules of

a)

lexicon

b)

prosody

c)

syntax

d)

fast mapping

e)

morphemes

3.

Denny does not have wrapping paper to use to wrap a birthday present, and so he decides to use colorful newspaper comics instead. Denny’s solution demonstrates that he has overcome

a)

functional fixedness

b)

the fundamental attribution error

c)

cognitive dissonance

d)

egocentrism

e)

a self-serving bias

4.

When Joe arrives at the library, he can choose from any of several strategies that might help him find the book he needs. He could examine all the books on every shelf, and be certain that he would eventually find the book he wants, but this strategy would take too long. Joe decides instead to ask a librarian to direct him to the appropriate section of the library. Joe is using

a)

fixation

b)

a mental set

c)

a prototype

d)

a heuristic

e)

an algorithm

5.

Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening?

a)

Accommodation

b)

Object permanence

c)

Conservation

d)

A mental set

e)

Divergent thinking

6.

Mikayla, a high school student strongly opposed to video game use, is researching the topic for a speech she will deliver to her English class. Rather than searching for “the effects of video games,” Mikayla searches for “the dangers of video games” and finds hundreds of Web sites with information she can use to argue her position. Her behavior is an example of

a)

Self-serving bias

b)

Confirmation Bias

c)

Functional Fixedness

d)

Insight

e)

Overconfidence

7.

People respond more favorably when they are faced with a 95 percent success rate than with a 5 percent failure rate because of

a)

framing

b)

intuition

c)

overconfidence

d)

belief perseverance

e)

the representativeness heuristic

8.

Mr. M heard a funny joke from his coworker. When he told it at a later date, he thought he made it up himself. This displays:

a)

Source Amnesia

b)

Retrograde Amensia

c)

Aphasia

d)

State-dependent memory

e)

Misinformation Effect

9.
A word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units, is called
a)
Grapheme
b)
Morpheme
c)
Phoneme
d)
Holophrase
10.
A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances of the event are available in memory is called the:
a)
Availability heuristic
b)
Availability algorithm
c)
Representativeness heuristic
d)
Representativeness algorithm
11.
The term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:
a)
Cognition
b)
Learning
c)
Perception
d)
Sensation
12.
When Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip she used her down-jacket as a substitute pillow. In this situation Janice:
a)
Was not constrained by functional fixedness
b)
Was constrained by a mental set
c)
Was constrained by functional fixedness
d)
Used an algorithm to solve her problem
13.
Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates:
a)
The representativeness heuristic
b)
The framing effect
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Belief perseverance
14.
You hear that one of the Smith children is an outstanding Little League player and you immediately conclude that it’s their son rather than any of their four daughters. You reached your quite possibly erroneous conclusion as the result of:
a)
The confirmation bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
The representativeness heuristic
d)
Belief perseverance
15.
Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:
a)
Belief bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
A mental set
d)
The representativeness heuristic
16.
With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:
a)
The framing effect
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Mental set
d)
Overconfidence
17.
Which one of the following illustrates belief perseverance?
a)
Your belief remains intact even in the face of evidence to the contrary
b)
You refuse to listen to arguments counter to your beliefs
c)
You tend to become flustered and angered when your beliefs are refuted
d)
You tend to search for information that supports your beliefs
18.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
19.
Which of the following utterances is an example of the overregularization of a grammatical rule?
a)
“We goed to the store”
b)
“Ball pretty”
c)
“The sky is crying”
d)
We eat ‘paghetti”
20.
Whorf’s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:
a)
Language is primarily a learned ability
b)
Language is partially an innate ability
c)
The size of a person’s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence
d)
Our language shapes our thinking
21.
The chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to pull a longer stick into his cage. He then used the longer stick to reach a piece of fruit. Researchers hypothesized that Sultan’s discovery of the solution to his problem was the result of:
a)
Trial and error
b)
Heuristics
c)
Insight
d)
Mental set
22.
After watching the evening news, Khloe believes the newscast contains only tragic events like floods, earthquakes, and murders. When asked to think carefully about the newscast, she did recall many other events. This is an example of:
a)
Representative heuristic
b)
Availability heuristic
c)
Functional fixedness
d)
Insight
23.
Compared to divergent thinkers, convergent thinkers are more likely to:
a)
Think "outside the box" when problem solving
b)
Generate many different solutions when problem solving
c)
Choose to problem solve using an algorithm rather than a heuristic
d)
Use representative heuristics to problem solve
24.
On her way to London, Janet was invited into the cockpit to meet the pilot, Alex. Sh was surprised to see that Alex was a woman. This is an example of:
a)
Confirmation bias
b)
Convergent thinking
c)
Insight
d)
Representative heuristic
25.
Phonemes are best defined as: 
a)
The smallest meaningful combination of sounds in a language
b)
The basic sounds of consonants and vowels
c)
Something that specifies the meaning of words and phrases
d)
A special form of communication
26.
Noam Chomsky's language theory included the idea that:
a)
Language development occurs between the ages of three and five
b)
Children learn language through positive and negative reinforcement
c)
Children model language development from those around them
d)
Children have an innate mental grammar
27.
There is evidence to support the idea that there is an inborn tendency to absorb language. Which of the following psychologists would agree with this statement?
a)
Chomsky
b)
Whorf
c)
Skinner
d)
Sapir
28.
Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of framing? 
a)
A PSA for breast mammograms chooses to use the statement "you can die if you don't," rather than "this can save your life."
b)
Lily assumes her doctor named Chris is a male, when in fact she is a female
c)
A cigarette company puts beautiful women in its commercial
d)
An advertiser uses divergent thinking to come up with a commercial slogan
29.
The chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to pull a longer stick into his cage. He then used the longer stick to reach a piece of fruit. Researchers hypothesized that Sultan’s discovery of the solution to his problem was the result of:
a)
Trial and error
b)
Heuristics
c)
Insight
d)
Mental set
30.
Sally had trouble tying her shoes as a small child. Her mother showed her on several occasions how the process works. Sally continued to struggle and her mother left her to figure it out on her own. Several years later Sally is at 6th grade camp and was able to tie her shoes with ease. What type of learning has Sally experienced?
a)
Latent Learning
b)
Classical conditioning
c)
Operant conditioning
d)
Positive Punishment
31.
Melvin has been diagnosed as having savant syndrome, which means
a)
he has an IQ of 120 or higher
b)
would score high on a test of analytical intelligence
c)
is limited in mental ability but has 1 exceptional ability
d)
was exposed to high levels of testosterone during prenatal development
32.
Jack takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores.  This suggests that the test has
a)
high content validity
b)
high reliability
c)
high predictive validity
d)
been standardized
33.
Before becoming attorneys, law students must pass a special licensing exam, which is an _______ test.  before entering college, high school students must take the ACT, which is an ________test.
a)
achievement; aptitude
b)
aptitude; achievement
c)
achievement; achievement
d)
aptitude; aptitude
34.
A psychologist uses statistics to show a cluster of intelligence topics such as (spatial ability & verbal intel) that are related to one another.  This psychologist is probably using
a)
the WAIS
b)
the IQ formula
c)
factor analysis
d)
the standardization formula
35.
Jo is taking a test in her sociology class and nothing on the test exemplifies the topics that were studied in the course.  This test lacks
a)
reliability
b)
content validity
c)
predictive validity
d)
standardization
36.
Lane is researching old tests and finds a revision of Binet's original test.  It was most likely
a)
The Chitling test
b)
Daniel Goleman's intelligence test
c)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
d)
The Stanford-Binet created by Lewis Terman
37.
The extent to which differences in intelligence among a group of people are attributable to genetic factors is known as the _____ of intelligence
a)
neural plasticity
b)
factor analysis
c)
predictive valididty
d)
heritability
38.
Mary's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly 6 pounds.  The scale has _____ reliability and _____ validity.
a)
low; high
b)
high; low
c)
low; low
d)
high; high
39.
A 6 yr old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9 yr old was said to have a mental age of
a)
6
b)
9
c)
66
d)
150
40.
Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult ____ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult ___test.
a)
math problem-solving; verbal fluency
b)
verbal fluency; math problem-solving
c)
spatial abilities; athletic abilities
d)
athletic abilities; spatial abilities
41.
During a debate Linus argues that there is one general intelligence.  He uses ________ research to support his argument.
a)
L.L. Thurstone
b)
Robert Sternberg
c)
Howard Gardner
d)
Charles Spearman
42.
Your friend Ashley is able to control her feelings in meetings even when she disagrees with her peers.  Ashley has high
a)
social intelligence
b)
creative intelligence
c)
emotional intelligence
d)
linguistic  intelligence
43.
What is the most commonly used intelligence test today that is made up of both verbal & nonverbal components?
a)
Stanford Binet
b)
Wechsler (WAIS)
c)
Sternberg Triarchtic Intelligence Test
d)
Golemans social/emotional intelligence test
44.
Intelligence researcher Gardner theorizes that intelligence
a)
can be measured by IQ tests wsuch as the WAIS
b)
combines skills in analytic, practical & creative abilities
c)
does not exist; we are programmed by our environment
d)
is made up of at least 8 independent types of intelligency
45.
Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to
a)
assess general capacity for goal directed adaptive behavior
b)
distinguish between academic and practical intelligence
c)
identify which children should be placed in which classes
d)
provide a numerical estimate of inherited intellectual potential
46.
Achievement tests are designed to
a)
assess ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
b)
assess learned knowledge or skills
c)
compare an individual's personality with those of highly successful people
d)
measure desire and potential capacity to meet challenges
47.
A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of
a)
achievement
b)
appitude
c)
reliabiity
d)
validity
48.
If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of 
a)
aptitude
b)
heritability
c)
reliability
d)
validity
49.
Researchers define intelligence as
a)
a combination of grade point average and IQ test scores
b)
processing speed of the brain
c)
ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
d)
combination of mathematical calculation, reading, memory and academic problem solving abilities
50.

A normally functioning 65 year old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing a

a)

phenomenon that is uncommon for people of his age

b)

phenomenon predicted by Erik Erikson as part of the eight stages of psycho-social development

c)

Decrease in his crystalized intelligence

d)

Decrease in his fluid intelligence

e)

Difficulty with concrete operational thinking

51.
What is IQ composed of?
a)
mental age
b)
GPA
c)
chronological age
d)
mental & chronological age
52.
Howard Garnder studied children with ____?
a)
cystic fibrosis
b)
savant syndrom
c)
downs syndrome
d)
autism
53.

The ability to produce solutions to problems that are unusual, inventive, novel, and appropriate is called

a)

creativity

b)

insight

c)

heuristics

d)

latent learning

e)

algorithmic processing

54.

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triachic theory of intelligence?

a)

global, intuitive, and special

b)

general, global, and specific

c)

analytical, creative, and practical

d)

mathematical, reasoning, and verbal

e)

intuitive, emotional, and general

55.

Which two of the following aspects are included in the defintion of intellectual disability?

a)

IQ scores and adaptive behavior

b)

age and socioeconomic status

c)

age and IQ score

d)

IQ score only

e)

IQ score and socioeconomic status

56.

The basic units of sound are called

a)

morphemes

b)

phonenems

c)

semantics

d)

syntax

e)

geons

57.

The linguistic relativity (Sapir-Whorf) hypothesis suggests that

a)

one's lanuage determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world

b)

one's thinking and view of the world determines the structure of onle's language

c)

we decide which objects belong to a concept according to what is most probable or sensible, given the facts at hand

d)

perception of surface structure precedes deep structure in understanding a sentence

e)

perception of deep structure preceds surface structure in understanding a sentence

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