A group of two homologous chromosomes formed by synapsis

cell division which produces 2 diploid cells containing replicated chromosomes

the production of an egg and 3 polar bodies

one extra chromosome in any of the pairs

reproduction involving eggs and sperm and resulting in offspring different from the parent

the pairing of homologous chromosomes

a cell that contains both chromosomes of each homologous pair

uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction frequently caused by excess mutations and "broken" cell cycle checkpoints

small cells produced during oogenesis when the cytoplasm divides unevenly, that eventually disintegrate

cell division which produces 4 haploid cells containing non-replicated chromosomes

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis

arranged picture of a person's chromosomes used to detect chromosomal defects

the production of 4 sperm cells from spermatids

the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous pairs during Prophase I

a cell that contains only one of each pair of homologous chromosomes

various ways of increasing the variety of gene combinations possible

chromosomes that have similar size, shape, patterns, gene locations and centromere locations

another name for Down syndrome

programmed cell death which allows a cell to shrink and die while minimizing damage to surrounding cells

a diploid cell that is missing one chromosome of a homologous pair

the random distribution of chromosomes to the gametes during meiosis

male sex cell produced during spermatogenesis

having too few or too many chromosomes