5.Opening day, I went first to my silhouette. I looked at the entry tag. Nothing. Next to it, an elk sketch—a big, dumb elk that had been entered every year since the fair began—mocked me with its shiny blue ribbon. What was wrong with those judges, I steamed. Didn’t they see my ear?

Q: In paragraph 5, the narrator personifies the elk in the sketch in order to

The discrepancy between what the narrator imagines the judges will say and what they actually do say represents the

The conflict at the end of this passage can best be described as

The Death of Lincoln by William Cullen Bryant

Oh, slow to smite and swift to spare,

Gentle and merciful and just! Who,

in the fear of God, didst bear

The sword of power, a nation’s trust!

5.In sorrow by thy bier we stand,

Amid the awe that hushes all,

And speak the anguish of a land

That shook with horror at thy fall.

Thy task is done; the bound are free;

10.We bear thee to an honored grave,

Whose proudest monument shall be

The broken fetters of the slave.

15. Pure was thy life; its bloody close

Hath placed thee with the sons of light,

Among the noble host of those

Who perished in the cause of Right.

Q; After speaking of the changes Lincoln brought about for African Americans, Douglass refers to January 1, 1863, in order to

Which of these phrases from Frederick Douglass’s speech is slightly critical toward Lincoln?

The main purpose of the poem is

In line 4 of “The Death of Lincoln,” the “sword of power” is an example of

MAP ARTIST TUTORIAL: HOW TO CREATE A CUSTOM MAP Map Artist is the perfect tool for creating customized maps to include in research projects and reports. Map Artist offers endless possibilities. Map Artist has a huge collection of map styles to choose from, and they can be customized to suit your special needs. In this tutorial, we will assume you have been asked to create a map for a social studies report.

1. When you open Map Artist, a world map will be displayed. Type "North America" in the dialogue box or choose NORTH AMERICA from the list provided. Click GO. A map of North America will be displayed.

2. Type "United States" in the dialogue box or choose UNITED STATES from the drop-down menu to display a map of the 50 United States. Click GO. A map of the United States will be displayed.

3. Type "California" in the dialogue box or choose CALIFORNIA from the drop-down menu. Click GO. A map of California will be displayed.

4. Click on the drop-down menu next to the outline map of the state. Click on the type of map you need for your report. OUTLINE shows only the outline shape of the state with no highways or population centers indicated; HIGHWAY shows major cities, interstate highways, and major state highways. TOPOGRAPHIC indicates elevations as well as the location of major cities. SHADED RELIEF shows only natural landforms (mountains, valleys, rivers). POLITICAL shows major cities, interstates, and major highways, as well as national parks. HISTORICAL recalls the oldest maps on record. For the purposes of this tutorial, select OUTLINE. A map showing an outline of California will be displayed.

5. Click CUSTOMIZE on the menu bar down the left side of the screen. CUSTOMIZE allows you to place custom data on the map you have selected. A tiny symbol will be placed on the map at the location you designate, and the text you type into the dialogue box at the bottom of th screen will appear next to it. First, click on the button next to the appropriate symbol. For practice, click on the shovel, which symbolizes archaeology. Next to the word TEXT, type "The Presidio," which is an archaeological site near San Francisco. Now use your mouse to click on the spot on the map where you would like this data to be placed. Continue by typing "Woolen Mills" and clicking on the map near San José. Last, type "Emerald Bay" and click on the map near Lake Tahoe. You can add as many sites as you wish. Each time you click your mouse on the map, it will place the symbol and text you have included to describe that location.

6. Click SAVE if you would like to save the map to a file. Later, after opening the saved document, click on the map with your right mouse button and select COPY. Open the file in the word processing program that contains your report. Insert a box at the location where you want the map to appear. Put your cursor inside the box, right-click the mouse, and select PASTE. Putting your graphic in the box will allow you to stretch or shrink the box to wrap text around it.

When the online screens shown in Step 1 and Step 3 are compared, what relationship is revealed?

Read this excerpt from the tutorial.

Map Artist is the perfect tool for creating customized maps to include in research projects and reports.

The word perfect is used mainly to suggest that Map Artist is

The following is a rough draft of a student’s report. It contains errors.

Ava Wilson Health I Mrs. Green November 18, 2002

Popcorn

1 Just like a triumphant marching band entering the stadium before a game, popcorn is usually heard before it is seen. Kernels are bursting uncontrollably, clanging against the cover of the pot, and bouncing around randomly within the popper, all releasing the telltale scent of a forthcoming treat. Popcorn is one of the most popular snacks, and we can enjoy large amounts of it every year. Where did this corn plant originate, and what causes it to pop?

2 The history of popcorn undoubtedly contains unique information that most people— even avid popcorn consumers—do not know. Popcorn, which grows on ears just like any other corn plant, was first raised and harvested by Cachise Indians in Mexico over three thousand years ago. By the time Europeans arrived in North America, many different tribes of Native Americans are enjoying popcorn. In fact, at the first Thanksgiving celebration in Plymouth, Massachusetts, one high-ranking Native American brought a gift of popped corn in a deerskin bag (Rich 22). Popcorn was not just for eating; it was also used in jewelry, such as headdresses and necklaces. One difference between popcorn then and now is the popping methods. Early Native Americans would pierce the cob with a sharp stick, coat the ear with oil, and lay it next to the fire. The kernels would pop while still attached to the ear (Murphy 40).

3 Though the act of the kernel of corn bursting takes place in a split second, the science behind the pop is a bit more complex. To understand it, you must understand the kernel itself. The kernel is simply a hard outer shell, which protects a soft, starchy interior. The starch contains a small amount of water, and when the kernel is heated to about 200 degrees Celsius, the pressure from the steam within causes the kernel to pop. When this happens, the kernels actually increase in size by forty times, and the result is a transformed kernel, with the white, starchy center on the outside, and the hard shell on the inside. The remaining kernels that do not pop by the end of the heating cycle do not have adequate water inside to build up necessary steam pressure.

4 Popcorn is basically a good source of carbohydrates, fiber, and protein. It contains only 27 calories per 100 grams—that is, if you don’t drench it in butter and toppings (Lucas 53)!

Read this sentence.

By the time Europeans arrived in North America, many different tribes of Native Americans are enjoying popcorn.

What form of the verb should replace the underlined words to maintain consistency of verb tense?

Read these sentences.

Though the act of the kernel of corn bursting takes place in a split second, the science behind the pop is a bit more complex. To understand it, you must understand the kernel itself.

How is the underlined sentence best written?

The following is a rough draft of a student’s report. It contains errors.

Arlene Williams History Ms. Johnson November 20, 2003

Women of the American Revolution.

1 Women played a crucial role in the American Revolution. They prepared food, made clothing for soldiers, and served as nurses to the wounded. In addition to their traditional tasks, women played even more extensive roles during the war. With virtually every able man serving in the army, women were left to manage farms and businesses. As a result, many women began to hone their reading and writing skills and to make larger contributions to the nation’s economy, as well as its growing literary and suffrage movements. Four such women were Eliza Pinckney, Phillis Wheatley, Mercy Otis Warren, and Abigail Adams.

2 Even before the American Revolution, Eliza Pinckney had assumed responsibilities that traditionally belonged to men. When she was sixteen, her father left for Antigua, an island in the West Indies, where he served as Governor. While Pinckney’s father was away, her mother became seriously ill, and the young girl was left to manage the family’s three plantations (Stone 84). She experimented with unusual crops like ginger and alfalfa because she knew that crops were needed by the colonies that they could easily sell abroad. Her greatest business success was in growing indigo, a plant used to make blue dye for clothing and other products. Pinckney played an important role in the development of a successful indigo industry in the American South. She also studied law, drew up real estate contracts, wrote wills, and tutored slave children.

3 Both Phillis Wheatley, a poet and former slave, and Mercy Otis Warren, a playwright, created literary works that promoted educational opportunities for African Americans and women (Collins 26). Wheatley was one of the first African Americans to have work published. Warren wrote the first history book about the American Revolution, titled History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution (Stanford 16).

4 Abigail Adams, who later became First Lady as the wife of President John Adams, wrote letters that played a significant role in bringing women’s rights to the attention of the nation. During the American Revolution, she wrote to her husband John, “In the new code of laws . . . I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors! Do not put such unlimited power in the hands of the husbands!” (Hoover 97).

5.of these women played significant roles in the time of the American Revolution. They “helped start the process of thinking about the importance of women’s rights in a country that had been founded on the concept of equality and independence for all people” (Collins 20). Their words and actions created opportunities for women and have confirmed the female gender as a valuable asset to a new nation.

Q Read this sentence from paragraph 2 of the report.

She experimented with unusual crops like ginger and alfalfa because she knew that crops were needed by the colonies that they could easily sell abroad.

What is the best way to write the underlined part of the sentence without changing the meaning?

Read this sentence.

Knights pledged to be fair and honest at all times and knew they would lose favor with the king if they violated the code of Chivalry.

What is the correct way to write the underlined words?

Which research question most likely contributed to the development of paragraph 4?

Carrier Pigeons

1 People have used pigeons to carry messages to one another for hundreds of years. In the 12th century, the royal palaces of Iraq and Syria included pigeon houses so the kings could be kept informed of their generals’ victories and defeats on the battlefield. In fact, pigeons were a common way to send messages right up through World War II.

2 In 1815 an English banker named Nathan Rothschild made his fortune by relying on messages sent to him by carrier pigeons. English troops were fighting Napoleon’s forces in France, and the English were believed to be losing. A financial panic gripped London. Government bonds were offered at low prices. Few people noticed that Rothschild was snapping up these bonds when everyone else was desperately trying to sell them. A few days later, London learned the truth; the Duke of Wellington had defeated Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo. The value of the bonds soared, and Rothschild became fabulously wealthy . . . all because his pigeons had brought him news of the victory before anyone else knew of it.

3 Most of the time, however, carrier pigeons were used to benefit an entire country, not just one individual. The United States, England, France, Germany, and Italy, in both World War I and World War II, used carrier pigeons. Not only were the birds often the fastest, most reliable way to send messages, they could also be used to reach soldiers far behind enemy lines, where radios and field telephone lines were useless. Since they could easily be released from airplanes or ships, every branch of the armed services used the birds. In World War II, more than 3,000 soldiers and 150 officers were needed to care for and train the tens of thousands of birds in the U.S. Pigeon Service.

4 Carrying messages could be a dangerous job. Some pigeons performed with such bravery that they became famous and were even awarded medals, such as England’s Dicken Medal of Gallantry. In a few cases, pigeons even became prisoners of war. In 1918 American forces captured a pigeon named The Kaiser, which had been trained to fly special missions for Germany, during battle. He was taken to America, where he lived to the age of 32.

5 The most famous pigeon of all may have been Cher Ami. Stationed in France during World War I, he carried twelve important messages for American forces. On his last mission, though wounded, he carried a message that saved the lives of 194 American soldiers. For his extraordinary service, he was awarded the French “Croix de Guerre.”

6 Carrier pigeons are a slightly different breed from the kind of pigeon you see on city streets. They are much thinner and taller, with longer legs. Many people find carrier pigeons ugly because of their big wattle, a knobby buildup of skin on the beak; however, people who raise pigeons often enjoy this odd appearance and consider carriers the best of their breed.

7 Today, modern communication methods can carry information from one place to another hundreds of times faster than a pigeon could do it. However, few people would argue with the fact that carrier pigeons— especially those that served in the military—have earned their place in history. Stories about brave pigeons such as Cher Ami, President Wilson, and Colonel’s Lady have the power to inspire us as no fax machine or high-speed Internet connection could ever do.

Q: To learn how to send messages via carrier pigeon, a student should research which of the following topics?

Read the sentence below from the passage.

Few people noticed that Rothschild was snapping up these bonds when everyone else was desperately trying to sell them.

In this sentence, snapping up means

Which of the following statements from the passage supports the author’s conclusion that carrier pigeons sometimes had a dangerous job?

The author provides specific dates throughout this passage in order to

In order to understand the passage better, which topic should be researched?