tells the time of the action (past, present, future)

a statement that includes the author's claim and brief introduction to the main arguments

1 independent clause with a subject and a predicate (verb)

2 independent clauses joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction

a clause that can stand on its own as a complete thought; another name for a simple sentence

a clause that cannot stand on its own and does not express a complete thought; always begins with a subordinating conjunction

words like "although," "because," or "when" that begin a dependent clause

a group of words in a sentence that are unnecessary but add more information about another word; separated by commas

the author's attitude towards a topic

the distinctive way a writer uses word choice and sentence structure to express his ideas

the writer's viewpoint on a issue; what the author wants the audience to do or believe

an argument for the opposition; an idea against the presented claim

words that are formed from verbs but function as a different part of speech

verb form acting as a noun and ALWAYS ends in "ing"

verb form acting as an adjective and tells which one or what kind; often ends in "ing" or "ed"

the subject performs the action in a sentence

the subject of the sentence receives the action

1 independent clause and 1 dependent clause

"to" + a verb