a group of traders that travels together

an Arabian man whose teachings became the basis for a new religion

religion based on messages Muhammad received from God

a person who follows Islam

the holy book of Islam

journey to a sacred place
mosque a building for Muslim prayer

a building for Muslim prayer

literally means “to make an effort” or “to struggle”


a collection of actions or sayings by Muhammad

the five acts of worship required of all Muslims

one of Islam’s first converts, appointed caliph after Muhammad’s death

title of the highest Islamic leader

slave boys converted to Islam and trained as soldiers

Ottoman ruler who defeated the Byzantine Empire

Ottoman ruler who led the empire to its heights

Muslims who believed only members of Muhammad’s family should be caliphs

Muslims who believed caliphs did not have to be related to Muhammad

acceptance

Muslim explorer and geographer

a movement of Islam, based on the belief that one must have a personal relationship with God

famous Sufi poet who wrote The Rubáiyát

sponsors

a narrow tower on a mosque from which Muslims are called to pray

decorative writing