Phonology is the study of the sound systems of languages.

What is the vocabulary of language?

Pragmatics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences.

The study of the structure of words. The central unit of study in the morpheme, the smallest unit of meaning or grammatical functions.

Brown v. Board of Education was a U.S Supreme Court ending segregation.

What Federal court decision outlining a three-prong test to determine whether a school is taking appropriate action to address the needs of ELL students?

What U.S. Supreme Court decision declares that it is illegal to ignore the needs of ELL students?

Cintron v. Brentwood was a U.S. Supreme Court decision protecting the right of language minority communities to offer private language classes.

Parents filed a lawsuit claiming that many of the so-called bilingual education programs were not bilingual, but were based primarily on ESL, known as

English speakers and ELLs in dual language Programs spend most of the day together in the same classroom where they receive content-area instruction in both languages from qualified bilingual teachers.

Pull-out ESL is an ELL program model in which the English as a second language (ESL) Teacher goes into the regular classroom to work with the classroom teacher and her ELLs.

A program model for ELLs that combines English as a second language, sheltered content-area instruction, and primary language support.

What program is use in Hmong-American middle-school where students are allowed to take one period of foreign language during which they can study their native language? (The instruction is designed specially for native speakers of Hmong)

In a Newcomer program, a high school has a program for non-English-speaking students who recently arrive in the country. The students remain in the same classroom most of the day. The classroom teacher provides intensive ESL instruction, some content-area instruction using sheltered instruction, and ample primary language support.

Type of ELLs who frequently travel between the United States and their home country?

Former ELLs who have met their state’s linguistic and academic criteria to be exited ELL programs and reclassified as fluent English proficient are known as

ELLs who are born U.S.- born citizens (The majority of ELLs fall into this category) are known as

ELLS who have been in the United States for 1 to 2 years but who obtained high- quality education prior to migration are identified as

Students who had limited to no access to schools in their home or previous countries, or whose education was interrupted because of war or civil conflict. Many refugee ELLs fall into this category, as do some students fleeing the drug violence in Mexico.

What theory states a second language is acquired only by comprehensible input?

For a student to acquire a second language, he needs to interact with other speakers, receive modified input, and have opportunities to produce output. This is known as______.

What hypothesis states speaking is needed to facilitate language learning because then students recognize the limits of their proficiency?

Within the sociocultural theory, this area is where learners are able to reach a higher level of knowledge through scaffolding.

In _______ language is acquired through meaningful interaction with modified input and corrective feedback.