This "midnight judge" was one of the many judges appointed by President Adams. President Jefferson ordered that his appointment papers NOT be delivered; he later filed a law suit that went to the Supreme Court.

Jefferson' ordered this person - his Secretary of State - NOT to deliver official papers confirming a judge's appointment.

President Jefferson sent this pair to buy New Orleans and West Florida from Napoleon.

This pair met with the French foreign minister and agreed to pay the French $15 million for Louisiana.

President Jefferson asked this pair to map a route to the Pacific Ocean and told them to study the geography of the Louisiana Purchase.

President Jefferson instructed this pair to learn about the Native American nations who lived in the Louisiana Purchase.

During their first winter in the Louisiana Purchase, this pair stayed with the Mandan tribe in present-day North Dakota.

This tribe allowed Lewis & Clark to stay with them during their first winter in the Louisiana Purchase, in present-day North Dakota along the upper Missouri River. They grew corn, beans, and squash and hunted buffalo.

Lewis & Clark would need horses to cross the Continental divide. This tribe was able to supply the expedition with the food and horses that they needed, as well as advising them about the best route to take over the Rocky Mountains.

This Shoshone woman was staying with the Mandans. She and her French Canadian husband agreed to accompany Lewis & Clark as translators.

From 1805 to 1807, this explorer set out to explore the upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-day Colorado and New Mexico.