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Enlightenment Experts

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Power should be equally divided among the branches of government: Executive, Legislative, Judicial. By separating these powers, government could not become too powerful and threaten people's rights.

a)

Divine Right

b)

Separation of Powers

c)

Natural Law

d)

Social Contract

2.

A law that applied to everyone and could be understood by reason

a)

Natural Law

b)

Social Contract

c)

Deism

d)

Separation of Powers

3.

Monarchs held absolute, or total power. They claimed to rule by divine right, or by the will of God. This meant that rulers did not answer to their people, but rather to God alone.

a)

Natural Law

b)

Natural Law

c)

Deism

d)

Absolutism

4.

Argued that natural law made absolute monarchy the best form of government.

a)

John Locke

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Voltair

5.

Believed that England's government was best because it had a separation of powers.

a)

Rousseau

b)

Montesquieu

c)

John Locke

d)

Thomas Hobbes

6.

An agreement between rulers and the people. If a ruler took away people's natural rights, the people had a right to revolt and set up a new government.

a)

Social Contract

b)

Deism

c)

Divine Right

d)

Absolutism

7.

Opposed the government supporting one religion and forbidding others. He felt that people should be free to choose their own beliefs.

a)

Rousseau

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Voltaire

d)

Montesquieu

8.

The right that is supposedly given to a king or queen by God to rule a country

a)

Divine Right

b)

Separation of Powers

c)

Deism

d)

Absolutism

9.

A religious belief based on reason. According to the followers, God created the world and set it in motion. He then allowed it to run itself by natural law.

a)

Separation of Powers

b)

Absolutism

c)

Social Contract

d)

Deism

10.

This philosopher used natural law to affirm citizens' rights and to make government answerable to the people. All governments were based on a social contract.

a)

Voltaire

b)

Montesquieu

c)

John Locke

d)

Rousseau

11.

This philosopher felt that people were naturally selfish and violent, and could not be trusted to make decisions on their own.

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Voltaire

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

12.

the scientific study of crime and punishment

a)

Capital Punishment

b)

Criminology

c)

The Enlightenment

d)

Deism

13.

Like the Scientific Revolution, thinkers of The Enlightenment depended on...

a)

superstition and accepted beliefs

b)

rumors and magic

c)

logic, rational, and observation

d)

the Bible and the Roman Catholic Church

14.

Alongside religious tolerance, Voltaire also advocated for

a)

free speech

b)

separation of powers

c)

an absolute monarch

d)

the Reformation

15.

He was upset by the harsh practices that were common in his day, including torture and secret trials. He argued that laws exist to preserve security and order.

a)

Voltaire

b)

John Locke

c)

Montesquieu

d)

Cesare Beccaria

16.

She said that women should not be held back by laws that take away their power.

a)

Madame Geoffrin

b)

Abigail Adams

c)

Olympe de Gouges

d)

Mary Wollstonecraft

17.

"That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government…" closely resembles the ideas of

a)

John Locke

b)

Baron de Montensquieu

c)

Abigail Adams

d)

Cesare Beccaria

18.

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press..." closely resembles

a)

Rousseau

b)

Locke

c)

Wollstonecraft

d)

Voltaire

19.

"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. " closely resembles

a)

Voltaire

b)

Cesare Beccaria

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

Abigail Adams

20.

"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." closely resembles

a)

Rousseau

b)

John Locke

c)

Adams/Wollstonecraft

d)

Voltaire

21.

"That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed," closely resembles

a)

Voltaire

b)

Wollstonecraft

c)

Adams

d)

Locke

22.
 In what way did Enlightenment philosophers reflect the central ideas of both Greek democracy and Roman republicanism?
a)
A) They taught that rule by an elite class of nobles is necessary for running a government. 
b)
B) They thought government should represent the will of its citizens. 
c)
C) They argued that a merit-based system is the best method for selecting government officials. 
d)
D) They felt that rule by a strong central leader is the only way to govern effectively.
23.
John Locke's central political value was
a)
A) the protection of individual rights
b)
B) designing governments around biblical teachings
c)
C) ensuring an equal distribution of wealth
d)
D) the empowerment of the majority of people
24.
A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was
a)
A) a desire to improve society
b)
B) faith in traditional religious beliefs
c)
C) support for democratic forms of government
d)
D) a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity
25.
Philosophers of the Enlightenment wanted to use __________ in all areas of life.
a)
A. government
b)
B. economics
c)
C. politics
d)
D. reason
26.
___________________ believed that without government, people would fight each other all the time.
a)
A. Locke
b)
B. Hobbes
c)
C. Montesquieu
d)
D. Smith
27.
American's used _________________'s idea of separation of powers to write the US Constitution. 
a)
A. Montesquieu
b)
B. Hobbes
c)
C. Rousseau
d)
D. Voltaire
28.
Enlightenment thinkers and theories inspired
a)
A. the French Revolution
b)
B. the American Revolution
c)
C. other revolutions of the 1800s
d)
D. all of the above
29.
You are born with _________________ that can't be taken away; life, liberty, property
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
30.
The belief that government should be split into three branches to prevent one person or group from becoming corrupt.
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
31.
The Enlightenment is
a)
a time of rebirth
b)
a time when science ruled
c)
a time with people used reason and logic to explain the world
d)
a time when technology ruled
32.
What is another name for the Enlightenment?
a)
The Age of Reason
b)
The Age of Great Philosophers
c)
The Age of Religion
d)
The Age of Revolution
33.
Which of the following is an example of an unlimited government? 
a)
Republic
b)
Democracy
c)
Constitutional Monarchy
d)
Absolute Monarchy
34.
Reason was the “light” that brought the world out of the Dark Ages.  Which of following is an example of an “enlightened” idea?
a)
Excommunication
b)
Absolute Monarchy
c)
Heliocentric
d)
Divine Right
35.
“… that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.”  

The quote above was used by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence.  Which philosophical ideal is used by Jefferson here?
a)
Social Contract
b)
Natural Rights
c)
General Will
d)
Separation of Power
36.

Which nation has the oldest written constitution in the world that is still in effect?

a)

England

b)

USA

c)

France

d)

Chad

37.
Of the following, which is an example of how the United States used an idea of Montesquieu?
a)
James Madison wrote the Constitution of the United States   
b)
Thomas Jefferson added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
c)
Benjamin Franklin put a key on a kite and flew it in the middle of a thunderstorm
d)
George Washington became President, John Jay was on the Supreme Court, and a Congress    was elected   
38.

Which is the best answer on how enlightenment influence society?

a)

it influenced monarchies rights

b)

it influenced citizen rights

c)

it influenced government rights

d)

it influenced women rights

39.

According to what you have learned, who said women should be treated as equal as men?

a)

Hillary Clinton

b)

Barbara Walters

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

Voltaire

40.

The belief that people rights should be protected should be the concern of which of the following?

a)

the queen

b)

the king

c)

the government

d)

the people

41.

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that

a)

the only reason for punishment was to prevent future crimes and should not include inhumane treatment.

b)

human progress would result from a completely new scientific method.

c)

the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics.

d)

the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle class private property

42.

Which of the following encouraged the spread of Enlightenment ideas?

a)

Salons

b)

the book trade.

c)

Masonic Lodges

d)

all of these.

43.
Belief that one can freely express their beliefs without fear of punishment.
a)
Freedom of Speech
b)
Freedom of Religion
c)
No unlawful searches
d)
Right to life, liberty, and property
44.
Voltaire stated, "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it" demonstrates his belief in which right?
a)
Freedom of Speech
b)
Freedom of Religion
c)
The right to peaceably assemble
d)
Private ownership of guns
45.
John Locke's  belief that you are born with no knowledge.  You gain knowledge through your life experiences. 
a)
Blank Slate - Tabula Rosa
b)
Infantile Enlightenment
c)
State of Nature
d)
Social Contract
46.
Montesquieu believed that "to become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them."  Which choice does the best to meet that belief?
a)
No kings
b)
No government
c)
A two house system voted on by the people
d)
Restricting the voting age to 18.
47.
Which quote best demonstrates what would happen if people lived in a state of nature?
a)
"Without government, our lives would be nasty, brutish, and short!"
b)
"To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them"
c)
"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
d)
"Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience."
48.
Enlightenment ideas can be found in all the following documents except: 
a)
Declaration of Independence 
b)
English Bill of Rig
c)
United State Constitution
d)
Magna Carta 

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