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WorksheetsCycle 6 - 1900ce to Present
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Which of the following best characterizes developments in the societies of Western Europe in the decades after World War II?
I. Expanding welfare state provisions
II. Steady economic growth
III. Broad enthusiasm for expansion of colonial holdings
II and III
II only
I and III
I and II
I only
Which political system, discredited by its inability to effectively prevent economic collapse or a turn to political extremism, emerged triumphant in the post-World War II West?
Authoritarian populism
Monarchy
Fascism
Liberal democracy
Socialism
Which nation emerged as the preeminent force in the West after World War II?
Japan
West Germany
United States
France
England
Which of the following phrases is most closely associated with the guarantee of U.S. protection from Soviet aggression offered to Western Europe and Japan during the Cold War era?
Multilateralism
Berlin airlift
Isolationism
Nuclear umbrella
Detente
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact are most accurately described as
I. Free trade zones
II. Collective security organizations
III. Colonial holdings
III only
II only
I and III
II and III
I and II
Nikita Khrushchev is best known for _____ .
Perestroika
Starving Soviet scientists of resources necessary to match Western achievements
Glasnost
Abandonment of Five-Year Plans and collective farms
Repudiation of repressive measures taken during the Stalin era
Which socialist Eastern European nation was not a Soviet satellite state?
Bulgaria
Yugoslavia
East Germany
Hungary
Romania
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Soviet economy after World War II?
Inefficient, particularly in agriculture
Centrally planned
Incapable of significant arms production
Generally unresponsive to demand for consumer goods
Source of massive environmental damage
Which U.S. general is most closely associated with a program of economic assistance to Western European nations struggling to rebuild after World War II?
George Marshall
Douglas MacArthur
George Patton
Dwight Eisenhower
Adlai Stevenson
In which of the following cases did the United States provide aid to break a Soviet blockade?
Crimean War
Marshall Plan
Berlin airlift
Bay of Pigs invasion
U-2 incident
The United States imposed all of the following elements on Japanese state and society after World War II EXCEPT
Banning labor unions
Women's suffrage
Land reform
Strict secular government, banning Shintoism as state religion
Separation of legislative and executive powers
On what continent did the United States fight its two largest conflicts of the Cold War era?
South America
Australia
Africa
Asia
Europe
Which was true of both the Korean War and the Vietnam War?
I. During the war the United States fought a communist North from base areas in a U.S.-friendly South.
II. U.S. opponents received direct aid from the USSR and/or China.
III. U.S. forces operated under a UN mandate.
I only
II only
II and III
I and III
I and II
Which was true of the Korean War but not the Vietnam War?
I. Conflict resulted in a lasting U.S. occupation.
II. Conflict resulted in unification of North and South under communist rule.
III. U.S. commanding officers argued for the use of nuclear weapons against the enemy.
I only
II only
I and III
II and III
I and II
Mao's campaign to infuse industrial development into the national economy at the commune level was called ______.
The Great Leap Forward
The Long March
"Hundred Flowers" Period
Protracted Warfare
New Democracy
Which formerly colonized country has taken the most drastic measures to limit population growth?
Egypt
China
India
Nigeria
Mexico
The "Great Revolution for a Proletarian Culture" in China is best described as ______ .
Present-day migration of rural workers into industrializing zones along the coast to labor in factories producing consumer goods for export
Student demonstrations for political reform in 1989 brutally suppressed by Chinese authorities
A 1960s-era campaign where mass mobilizations of youth were employed to target and repress "capitalist roaders" in positions of authority and continue the violent revolutionary struggle for a communist society
The strategic retreat during the 1930s led by Mao Zedong from southern China to base areas to the north and west
A massive Deng Xiaoping-era program for technical training of peasants in industrial techniques
Which of the following is NOT among the "Four Modernizations" put forward by Deng Xiaoping as key to economic self-reliance and emergence of China as a world power by the early twenty-first century?
National defense
Classless society
Science and technology
Industry
Agriculture
Which of the following best characterizes developments in China since 1979?
I. Massive internal migration
II. Strong export-driven economic growth
III. Multiparty elections
III only
II only
I and III
II and III
I and II
Neocolonialism is best defined as _______ .
All colonization that occurred after Latin American nations won independence from Spain
A description of the Soviet relationship with satellite states of Eastern Europe during the Cold War
The post-World War II population boom in "Third World"
The ongoing situation of economic dependency that afflicts "Third World" even after decolonization
Western efforts to expand colonial holdings after the Second World War
Which is an impact of population growth in the developing world?
Reduced pollution levels
Rising status for females
Rapid and haphazard urbanization
Falling numbers of refugees
Declining importance of the International Monetary Fund in the global economy
Which goal did nationalist leaders find most difficult to achieve upon gaining independence?
Establishment of secular government
Membership in the United Nations
Participation in world trade
Maintenance of territorial integrity of the new nations
Economic development and jobs for all
Which was the most typical response of nationalist leaders in developing countries to popular unrest connected to persistent poverty and/or ethnic strife?
The launching of armed struggle against established elites and the setting up of socialist regimes
Establishment of new international borders to appease minority ethnicities
Free and fair elections of new leaders capable of resolving major grievances
A turn to military dictatorship
Requests for the return of Western colonial management
Who was the leader of the first sub-Saharan nation to gain independence?
Kwame Nkrumah
Mobutu Sese Seko
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Nelson Mandela
Jomo Kenyatta
Which of the following is NOT a trend or event associated with developments in post-WWII Egypt?
Successful import-substitution industrialization
Establishment of state-subsidized public education
Growth of Islamic fundamentalism
Construction of the Aswan dam
Expulsion of the British from the Suez Canal Zone
Which of the following accurately summarizes developments in India since independence?
I. Maintenance of civilian rule and representative democracy
II. Growth of a middle class and information technology sector
III. Elimination of caste distinctions
IV. Penetration of Green Revolution agricultural techniques down to the village level
I, II, and IV
I only
I, II, and III
II and III
I and IV
Which of the following statements about the Iranian Revolution of 1979 is most accurate?
Its leaders withdrew Iran from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
It was welcomed by neighboring nations.
It was guided by a non-Western ideology.
It overthrew a monarchy and installed a liberal democracy.
It marked the end of British colonialism in Iran.
Which of the following was the only newly independent nation to experience civil war secession and the formation of another nation within decades of decolonization?
Nigeria
Pakistan
Mexico
South Africa
Sudan
Which natural resource or crop have developing nations been able to trade in the global economy on terms most favorable to themselves?
Aluminum
Diamonds
Oil
Coffee
Cocoa
Why was South Africa's independence struggle atypical when compared with most other African nations?
South Africa's independence movement was led by women.
South Africa nationalized gold and diamond mines and directed profits from their operation into development projects to lift the standard of living of the black majority there.
Independence was negotiated by a South African government that consisted of white settlers only.
South Africa embarked on a program of rapid state-directed industrialization soon after achieving independence.
Few other African nations gained independence in the 1960s.
Nelson Mandela and Steven Biko are associated with the struggle against what?
German fascism
French colonialism
U.S. imperialism
South African apartheid
Soviet socialism
Which West African nation boasts the continent's largest population and substantial oil reserves?
Nigeria
Congo
Ethiopia
Ghana
Senegal
Which of the following was the first group targeted by the Nazis for repression once they seized power in Germany?
Small-business men
Homosexuals
Gypsies
Communists
Jews
Who was the first fascist dictator?
Martin Heidegger
Vladimir I. Lenin
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
Friedrich Nietzsche
Which was the first twentieth-century revolutionary movement to successfully topple an existing regime?
French
Russian
Mexican
Chinese
Iranian
Which element of the Mexican revolutionary movement of 1910 represented the greatest continuity from nineteenth-century popular movements there?
Willing invitation of United States intervention to stabilize the internal situation in Mexico
International acclaim for artistic representatives of the movement such as Diego Rivera
Prominent role played by mestizo and Indian elements demanding land reform
Dependence on French military assistance in order to achieve regime change
Vocal demands of the Catholic church for increased power
Where in modern Europe has the rule of liberal democracy been most brief?
Germany
Russia
Sweden
England
France
Which of the following were the main slogans the Bolsheviks put forward on their road to power in
1917?
I. Peace
II. Communism
III. Land
IV. Bread
I and IV
I, III, and IV
I, II, and III
II, III, and IV
I, II, and IV
Why did the Bolshevik regime turn to a New Economic Policy in the early 1920s?
Industrial development was seen as inherently exploitative of workers and was renounced in the NEP.
Stalin had already replaced Lenin as leader of the Bolsheviks and sought a more rapid push toward communism.
Lenin and leading Bolshevik elements sought to bring back free enterprise and the profit motive in order to jump-start an economy severely dislocated by World War I and the Russian Civil War.
Lenin and leading Bolshevik elements gave up socialism as a long-range goal.
A centrally planned economy was seen as the next logical step after the "War Communism" system employed during the civil war.
How were minority ethnic groups of the old Russian Empire treated by the new Bolshevik regime?
Ethnic minorities were barred from membership in the Bolshevik Party.
All minority groups were granted "Soviet Socialist Republic" territory except for Jews.
Minority ethnicities were forcibly intermarried with ethnic Russians to breed them out of existence.
Minority groups were granted semiautonomous republics bound to pursuing a socialist course.
Most individuals belonging to minorities experienced forced deportation to Siberia.
Which political figure eventually emerged to lead the Bolshevik Party after the death of Lenin?
Bukharin
Stalin
Gorbachev
Khrushchev
Trotsky
Which factor in the Russian and Chinese revolutions was not present in the French Revolution?
Armed struggle
The ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Military intervention by neighboring or outside powers
Urban discontent
Rural unrest
Where in the world did the Japanese most vigorously seek to achieve territorial expansion in the years following 1914?
China
Pacific Islands
Indonesia
Mongolia
Korea
Which development prompted Chinese nationalists and communists to suspend civil war and form a shaky common cause?
Historic summit meeting between Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong
Communist long march to sanctuary in nationalist base areas in northwest China
Massive American investment to build up industrial sectors in Chinese urban centers
Japanese invasion of China
Death of Sun Yat-sen
Which of the following statements about Western economies in the 1920s are generally accepted by historians as factors causing the Great Depression?
I. Overproduction in industry and especially agriculture
II. Unsustainable borrowing, lending, and stock market speculation
III. Strong government regulation of industry
I and III
II only
III only
II and III
I and II
Which of the following answer choices places the events associated with the Great Depression in the United States in proper chronological order?
I. Bank failures
II. October 1929 stock market crash
III. Skyrocketing unemployment
IV. New Deal programs implemented by FDR
II, III, I, IV
II, I, III, IV
IV, III, II, I
III, I, II, IV
I, II, III, IV
Why were Great Britain and France able to insulate themselves from the Great Depression to a greater extent than Germany or the United States?
British and French parliamentary democracies took more decisive action to spur job growth than German or U.S. governments.
Britain and France were able to collect on loans made to Germany.
Strong labor movements in both countries refused to accept layoffs.
Both nations unloaded a certain amount of surplus industrial production on markets in their extensive colonial holdings.
By 1929, industrial production was no longer central to their national economies.
In which nation did parliamentary democracy survive the 1930s?
Italy
Brazil
France
Germany
Spain
Which of the following terms refers to the need and right of the German people to expand their territory according to Adolf Hitler?
Blitzkrieg
Wiener schnitzel
Lebensraum
Luftwaffe
Untermenschen
Adolf Hitler wrote which book laying out his vision and program for Germany's rise to world supremacy?
The Great Gatsby
Civilization and Its Discontents
Mein Kampf
The Communist Manifesto
State and Revolution
How was the Spanish Civil War different from World War II?
In the Spanish Civil War, fighting raged in both town and countryside.
In the Spanish Civil War, industrial-era weaponry was employed.
In the Spanish Civil War, fascists emerged victorious.
In the Spanish Civil War, Soviet-supplied forces fought fascist armies on European soil while liberal democracies delayed action.
In the Spanish Civil War, civilian populations were subjected to aerial bombing.
Which global trend had a significant impact in Latin America in the 1930s and 1940s?
I. Slumping demand for raw materials on world markets
II. Growing influence of fascism
III. Independence struggles in colonized regions
III only
II and III
I and III
I and II
I only
Which policy course did Japanese and German governments take to reverse the economic difficulties of the 1930s?
Laissez-faire approach toward economic policy
Shift in orientation from industrial to agricultural production
Worker control of industry
Provision of social insurance through liberal democratic parliamentary means
Stimulation of industry through war preparation
Which element of German fascism was NOT also found in 1930s Japan?
Repression of unions
Annexation of nearby territory
State-sanctioned mob violence against ethnic minorities
Ideology of racial supremacy
Suspension of parliamentary authority
Which term do historians employ to describe both Hitler's Germany and Stalin's USSR?
Republican
Democratic
Totalitarian
Communist
Fascist
Which of the following were offered by the Stalin regime as reasons to pursue collectivization of agriculture and Five-Year Plans in industry after 1928?
I. Reversal of the NEP and inculcation of socialist habits among the Soviet masses
II. Reduction of the Soviet population to environmentally sustainable levels
III. Rapid industrialization to prepare for a second imperialist invasion of the USSR
I and III
III only
II and III
I and II
I only
Which Soviet leader was a leading force in imposing economic, diplomatic, and political reforms after 1985 that contributed directly to the demise of Soviet socialism?
Lavrenty Beria
Nikita Khrushchev
Mikhail Gorbachev
Leonid Brezhnev
Nikolay Bukharin
Which best characterizes weaknesses of the Soviet economy after World War II?
I. Inflexible central planning
II. Low worker morale and productivity
III. Raw-material shortages
II only
I only
I and III
II and III
I and II
Which Latin American nation stood apart from a general trend away from authoritarian or military rule that had taken hold across the region by the 1990s?
Cuba
Panama
The Dominican Republic
Chile
Argentina
The growing integration of all the peoples of the planet into a single economic and political model and accelerating sharing of cultural symbols is termed _____ .
Universalism
Globalization
Postmodernism
Simulacra
Egalitarianism
Which is the most popular and accessible method worldwide of accessing the efficiencies of a new "information economy"?
Major newspapers
Satellite television
Local libraries
Personal computers
Mobile phones
Which is most accurate about Western economic interests overseas in the postcolonial era?
I. They have been imposed through formal colonization of lands and peoples of the developing world.
II. They are pursued by multinational corporations.
III. They have dwindled to the point of insignificance.
III only
II only
I only
II and III
I and II
U.S. forces have seen military action most frequently to which region in the post-Cold War era?
Caribbean Sea
Western Europe
Middle East and Central Asia
Latin America
Pacific Rim
What was the nationality of the majority of September 11 hijackers?
Iranian
Afghan
Saudi Arabian
Palestinian
Iraqi
How are the nations of Latin America unique within the "Third World"?
Women have risen to high levels of political leadership.
They continue to use a language imposed by colonial administrators in internal state affairs.
They gained political independence in the nineteenth century, in general.
They have experienced civil war in the post-WWII era.
They have struggled to emerge from a dependent role in the global economy.
Which of the following twentieth-century Latin American regimes survived CIA-supported efforts
to bring them down?
I. Arbenz regime in Guatemala
II. Castro regime in Cuba
III. Allende regime in Chile
I and II
I and III
III only
II only
I only
Which independent developing-country regime entered what is best termed as a dependent economic relationship with the Soviet Union that lasted until the collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s?
Cuba
Zaire (Congo)
India
Egypt
Ghana
When compared with the case of Mexico in the years since World War II, the people of Cuba have experienced greater progress in each of the following EXCEPT:
Emigration rights
Life expectancy
Literacy
Housing
Job security
How did local Catholic church leaders demonstrate sensitivity to demands of the poor for social justice in twentieth-century Latin America?
Entering national elections, winning, and implementing land reform policies
Renunciation of Christianity in favor of orthodox Marxist socialism
Organization of sophisticated adoption schemes whereby the majority of children in poverty in Latin America were adopted by middle-class families in the West and sent to live there
Formulation of a "liberation theology"
Demanding special infusions of charity from the Vatican that wiped out poverty in their parishes
Which is the most common pattern of migration in the Americas today?
Out of the Americas to Europe
From Latin America into North America
From Latin American cities into the Latin American countryside
From Latin American countryside to Latin American cities
From North America into Latin America
Which of the following nations did not succumb to military rule in the post-WWII era?
Venezuela
Argentina
El Salvador
Mexico
Bolivia
Which Latin American nation faced some of the first major U.S. military action overseas of the post-Cold War era?
Panama
Mexico
Haiti
Venezuela
Cuba
The United States pursued its interests in Latin America after World War II in all of the following forms EXCEPT _____ .
The IMF and World Bank
Peace Corps presence
Diplomatic pressure in international organizations
Covert action to overthrow regimes perceived to be Soviet friendly
Direct annexation
Which of the following periods have been grouped together by world historians into a time called an "Age of Catastrophe" lasting from 1914 to 1945?
Great Depression, World War II, Cold War
World War II, Cold War, post-Cold War era
World War I, Great Depression, World War II
Napoleonic Wars, World War I, World War II
World War I, Great Depression, Cold War
Which of the following trends were seen in the twentieth century?
Political independence for the former colonies and uninterrupted economic growth
Slowed population growth in industrialized regions and uninterrupted economic growth
Eradication of global poverty and the onset of human-induced climate change
Rise and fall of communism and the eradication of global poverty
Rise and fall of communism and political independence for the former colonies
Which of the following does NOT belong in a list of major impacts of the First World War?
Independence for India
Rise of nationalist sentiment in colonized regions of the globe
Birth of the League of Nations
Rise of the United States and Japan
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Where did white rule persist longest on the African continent?
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Angola
South Africa
Rhodesia
What was the major motive behind the formation of the Triple Entente?
Spread of Christianity
Cultural exchange
Fear of Germany's growing power, especially naval power
Coordinated efforts to subdue uprisings by colonized peoples
Free trade and tariff reduction
Which of the following is not one of the major factors historians point to as a contributing cause of World War I?
Communism
Nationalism
Imperialism
Alliance systems
Militarism
NAFTA has more closely integrated the economies of Canada, the United States, and _____ .
Brazil
Venezuela
Mexico
China
Russia
How did the First World War defy expectations of political elites in the West once it had begun?
The conflict was longer and bloodier than expected.
Alliance systems did not survive the war intact.
Russia turned from czarism to communism.
The conflict was longer and bloodier than expected. AND Russia turned from czarism to communism.
The conflict was longer and bloodier than expected. AND Russia turned from czarism to communism AND Russia turned from Czarism to communism.
Which of the following best characterizes the transfer of power associated with the decolonization process?
Men to women
Elite to elite
Religious to secular
Women to men
Elite to masses
Which best summarizes political trends in the West during the First World War?
Political trends continued basically unchanged by wartime pressures.
Labor movements rose to power in socialist revolutions.
Government authority increased through takeover of key industries for war production, restrictions on civil liberties, and issuance of pro-war propaganda.
Parliamentary democracy was suspended and emergency executive rule was implemented in order to facilitate rapid decision making.
Government regulation was eased as laissez-fair policy was seen as crucial to boosting wartime economic production.
Which of the following answer choices best explains why women won the right to vote in many Western societies after World War I?
Immediate granting of the right to vote to women in Soviet Russia was an embarrassment on the world stage for male-dominated liberal democracies where the movement for women's suffrage was decades old.
Feminist movements got their start during the First World War.
Crucial contributions in wartime factory production lent legitimacy to ongoing calls for political and social equality.
Female nurses who cared for injured troops in the trenches won broad-based sympathy.
Female combat veterans returned home demanding political equality.
Which of the following current-day nations would have contributed troops to the Central Powers during the First World War?
South Africa
Russia
Czechoslovakia
Australia
India
Which member of the victorious Allies emerged most dissatisfied from the Versailles settlement?
Great Britain
Japan
United States
France
Germany
Which result of World War I did the most to spark nationalist movements in the colonized portions of the globe?
Wartime industrial production greatly increased numbers of Western women working in factories.
Bolshevik-inspired revolutions broke out in the cities of the major imperialist powers.
The Versailles settlement forced colonial powers to agree to timetables for colonial independence.
British and French promises for self-rule made to colonized elites during the war were broken soon thereafter.
Destruction of European industrial capacity in the war forced colonies toward economic independence.
Which anti-colonial struggle is recognized as establishing a template for twentieth-century independence movements that included leadership by Western-educated elites and nonviolent protest?
Algeria's independence movement
Ghana's independence movement
India's independence movement
Haitian Revolution
American Revolution
Which colonized African region had a well-established indigenous anti-colonial movement in place even before World War I?
Congo
Egypt
Algeria
South Africa
Ghana
Which British official indicated support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine soon after World War I?
Margaret Thatcher
Lord Balfour
Neville Chamberlain
Theodor Herzl
Winston Churchill
Which belligerent power of the First World War carried out an early exit from the hostilities and negotiated a separate peace treaty?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Russia
The United States
France
Which of the following had NOT experienced fascist aggression or takeover prior to World War II?
China
Spain
Great Britain
Czechoslovakia
Ethiopia
Which of the following was an element of the fighting in World War II that remained unchanged from World War I?
Key role of amphibious operations
Aerial dogfights between fighter planes
Deliberate targeting of civilian populations
Wide-ranging naval action across the Pacific Ocean
More rapid movement of troops in land battles through deployment of mechanized divisions
Which of the following answer choices best defines the practice of "total" war?
Conscription
Targeting all war-fighting capacities of the enemy, including industrial and civilian targets
Government takeover of industries that are key for war production
Massive propaganda efforts to unite a population for war
All of the above
The invasion of which country led to the slowing and eventual reversal of the German blitzkrieg?
Spain
Great Britain
USSR
Belgium
France
Which is NOT true of the Nazi death camps?
They were carefully planned and constructed.
They were staffed by German and non-German guards.
A variety of methods were employed in carrying out executions.
Escape was impossible.
Most were located in Poland.
Which of the following is NOT an argument put forward in debates among historians about factors contributing to President Truman's decision to employ atomic weapons against civilian populations in Japan?
Successful detonation of atomic weapons in battle was widely seen at the time as the first step toward the peaceful application of weapons research to nuclear energy production.
Congress was demanding tangible results from huge sums of money poured into Manhattan Project research into atomic weapons.
Sensing a fraying alliance and potential rivalry at war settlement conferences in Yalta and Potsdam, Truman wanted to demonstrate U.S. power to the USSR in no uncertain terms.
Using atomic bombs would bring about a rapid Japanese surrender and avoid the massive U.S. casualties expected in an invasion of the Japanese homeland.
Prevailing racist notions in U.S. society made wiping out Asian civilian populations morally acceptable.
Which of the following legacies of British colonial rule proved most disruptive in the immediate aftermath of Indian independence?
Toleration of caste distinctions
Military training provided to Indian sepoys
Establishment of parliamentary democratic norms in government
Hindu-Muslim rivalry fostered by colonial divide and rule practices
Education of diverse Indian elites in a common English language
How did the independence movement in colonial settler societies such as Algeria or Kenya differ from that in nonsettler societies?
Settler societies experienced a smooth transition to independence with steady economic growth and rising per capita incomes based on healthy industrial sectors put in place by European settlers.
In settler societies the independence struggle was more likely to turn violent.
Nonsettler societies experienced a smooth transition to independence with steady economic growth and rising per capita incomes based on healthy industrial sectors put in place by colonial administrators.
In settler societies constructive negotiations tended to yield power-sharing government coalitions between settlers and representatives of the indigenous populations.
In nonsettler societies the independence struggle was more likely to turn violent.
Which event precipitated the formal creation of the state of Israel in 1947?
Arab League approval
Negotiated agreement between Zionist leaders and a unified Palestinian leadership
UN-sanctioned partition of Palestine
The Balfour declaration
Multilateral U.S.-Soviet-Palestinian-Jewish negotiations
