A volcano is a place on the earth where melted rock, called lava, and hot gases come out, or erupt. Lava and gases erupt because they push toward the earth surface when they are heated.

Because lava bums everything it touches, people who live near erupting volcanoes have to leave.

Scientists study volcanoes, so everyone can be safe.

What might happen if no one studies volcanoes?

January 27, 2018

Dear Gilang

How are you? I want to tell you about my visit to Thailand. I traveled toThailand with my family in my semester holidays.

First,let me tell you about my flight. I was so happy on getting the window seat and said I felt butterflies in stomach when plane was taking off. Everything looked so small and the air hostess looked great. I got scared when plane was shivering due to bad weather, but finally when landed I just thanked God.

We reached Changi Airport at 11.30 a.m. We stayed at hotel. The first day was wonderful.

We went to many interesting places, such as Pai, Phanom Rung, and Railay. The next day, we went to Kanchanaburi and some markets to buy souvenirs. We stayed there for four days. I really enjoyed my visit to Thailand, and I think I would like to get there again. How was your holiday? I’m waiting for your reply. Please, send my regards to your family!

Your friend,

Ratna

What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contain digestive juices which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into stomach. Here, the food is

mixed with juices secreted by the cells in stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

The purpose of the text is …..

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contain digestive juices which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into stomach. Here, the food is

mixed with juices secreted by the cells in stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

What is the first digestive juices?

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT....

July 8, 2018

Dear Uncle Andri

It’s been so long since your last visit. How are you, Uncle? Hope you started your new job last week. It must be exciting. We want to know about your new job.

Teddy is getting ready for the new school year. He mentioned you the other day while talking about a car. He remembered when you asked him to go around the town with your old car. He wants to know when you are going to visit us again. We are all looking forward to seeing you. I hope you are getting a small holiday in December. Do try to visit us if you have time.

We all miss you very much. Hoping to hear from you soon.

Warmly

Ferdy

What does Teddy feel about Andri?

Joe : I feel not good today. My back is hurt

Lely : Are you serious? What’s wrong?

Joe : When I was watching last night I fell asleep on the coach until this morning.

Lely : Oh, how poor you are.

What is the effect of sleeping on the coach?

We Are the World

Artist: Michael Jackson and Various Artists

There comes a time

when we heed a certain call

When the world must

come together as one

There are people

dying

And it’s time to

lend a hand to life

The greatest gift of

all

We can’t go on

pretending day by day

That someone,

somehow will soon make a change

We are all a part of

God’s great big family

And the truth, you

know

Love is all we need

(Chorus)

We are the world, we

are the children

We are the ones who

make a brighter day

So let’s start

giving

There’s a choice

we’re making

We’re saving our own

lives

It’s true we’ll make a better day

Just you and me

What is the theme of the song?

We Are the World

Artist: Michael Jackson and Various Artists

There comes a time

when we heed a certain call

When the world must

come together as one

There are people

dying

And it’s time to

lend a hand to life

The greatest gift of

all

We can’t go on

pretending day by day

That someone,

somehow will soon make a change

We are all a part of

God’s great big family

And the truth, you

know

Love is all we need

(Chorus)

We are the world, we

are the children

We are the ones who

make a brighter day

So let’s start

giving

There’s a choice

we’re making

We’re saving our own

lives

It’s true we’ll make a better day

Just you and me

Who is the song meant for?

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

The text is about ...

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating.

Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.

” …, so they are often sorted and blended to produce …” (Paragraph 3.) The word “sorted “is close in meaning to …

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood, a big fire or an earthquake. It usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The casualties are injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.

Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or streams overflow their banks and pour onto the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy rainstorms that last for a brief can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is flat and can absorb the water, no flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many part of the world flood are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding. When a flood occurs, the destruction to surrounding land can be severe. Whole villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land. Railroad track blocked and uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side, they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of water from to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of the fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled. (Soal UN SMA/MA IPA 2011/2012)

What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?

Nature has a perfect system for recycling water. Water is used again. It falls as …. ). Then it goes one three places. It might seep slowly through the soil as it … ) through the natural reservoir underground. It might disappear into air by …. ) quickly. It might run off into the streams to rivers to the oceans.

Ubud, 7th April 2019

Dear Barbara,

Hi there. How are things with you? It's good to know that you are doing fine in business. Have you received my postcard?

I am now sitting in my hotel room writing a letter to you about my wonderful holiday. I think this is the most wonderful holiday have I ever had. There are a lot of interesting tourist objects to visit, beautiful local art and craft, tasty traditional food, and much more. It's Thursday today. I can't believe this my last day. I wish I could spend more time here. I am certain I will stay longer on my next visit.

I'll be home about 3 p.m. tomorrow if the flight is on time. On Monday I must go back to work. I can't wait to show my video to my class.

Okay, that's all for now. Send my love to your children.

Best wishes from,

Vivian

The letter tells us about ....

Ubud, 7th April 2019

Dear Barbara,

Hi there. How are things with you? It's good to know that you are doing fine in business. Have you received my postcard?

I am now sitting in my hotel room writing a letter to you about my wonderful holiday. I think this is the most wonderful holiday have I ever had. There are a lot of interesting tourist objects to visit, beautiful local art and craft, tasty traditional food, and much more. It's Thursday today. I can't believe this my last day. I wish I could spend more time here. I am certain I will stay longer on my next visit.

I'll be home about 3 p.m. tomorrow if the flight is on time. On Monday I must go back to work. I can't wait to show my video to my class.

Okay, that's all for now. Send my love to your children.

Best wishes from,

Vivian

"... the most wonderful holiday ..." The underlined word has the same meaning with ....

Dear Betty,

I'm writing to you concerning of my last day in Jogja. I just got back from Borobudur, the wonderful temple I've ever seen. The weather is fine. We are now staying in a hotel. It's not far from Malioboro. We are treated will here. It has many excellent staff who serve the customers. We plan to go around Malioboro after the children take a short nap. We want to enjoy having "lesehan" there. It is a kind of a restaurant but we sit on the ground.

Many kinds of local handicraft are sold along Malioboro street. Both domestic and foreign tourists are interested in them. I want to buy some as souvenirs. Don't worry, I'll also buy you the most interesting one.

Love,

Dara

How do the staff serve the customers of the hotel?

Dear Aunt Tia

Aunty, I have some good news for you. Last month I passed my final examination. A week ago I succeeded to join in a senior high school English competition. Last night my parents promised to send me to a famous English course in my town. They also promised me if my scores in English are good, they'll send me to a foreign university. Great, isn't it? I'll work hard. I want to be a great pediatrician like you, Aunty.

Well, that's all for now. Looking forward to having your news.

Love

Debby

What is the purpose of the text?

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

Tsunami happens because ....

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with oftendisastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

We understand from the text that tsunami ....