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WorksheetsHole A&P 2 Chapter 2
Total questions: 101
Worksheet time: 51mins
Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates?
They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.
They provide much of the energy that the cell requires.
They include sugars and starches.
All of the answer choices are correct.
The pH scale measures the
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
number of molecules of salts dissolved in water.
number of hydroxide ions in water.
strength of an electrical current that a solution carries.
Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and how matter changes.
TRUE
FALSE
Electrolytes are substances that
form covalent bonds with water.
ionize in water.
cannot conduct electricity in solution.
form bonds that are stable in water.
Two negatively charged bromide (Br-) ions exist in solution. They will be attracted to each other and form an ionic bond.
TRUE
FALSE
Which of the following best describes the reaction H2CO3 → H2O + CO2?
Decomposition reaction
Exchange reaction
Reversible reaction
Synthesis reaction
Radioactive isotopes have stable nuclei.
TRUE
FALSE
A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
acidic.
basic.
alkaline.
neutral.
When placed in a solution, HNO3 dissociates into H+ and NO3-. The compound HNO3 must be a(n) ___.
base.
nucleotide.
acid.
electron.
Lipids
are insoluble in water.
include phospholipids, cholesterol, and fats.
contain C, H, and O, but with proportionately less oxygen than in carbohydrates.
All of the answer choices are correct.
The formula H2O refers to
two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule.
one hydrogen molecule and two oxygen molecules.
a molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
a molecule that contains one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.
A base is an electrolyte that releases ions that combine with hydrogen ions.
TRUE
FALSE
An electrolyte ionizes in water.
TRUE
FALSE
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
1 electron.
2 electrons.
4 electrons.
8 electrons.
Sodium and chloride atoms combine readily because they both lose electrons.
TRUE
FALSE
Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values:
Battery acid (1.0), vinegar (2.2), grapes (3.5–4.5), tomato (4.0–4.5), beer (4.2), coffee (5.0), white bread (5.0–6.0), butter (6.1–6.4), egg whites (7.6–8.0), baking soda (8.3), milk of magnesia (10.6), bleach (12.8)
Based on your knowledge of acid and base reactions, which of the following would be most likely to react with a base to form a salt?
Bleach
Battery acid
Coffee
Egg whites
When forming a bond, an atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will
lose 3 electrons from its second shell.
lose all of the electrons from its first shell.
lose all of the electrons from both its first and second shells.
gain 5 electrons in its second shell.
The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight.
TRUE
FALSE
A complex carbohydrate consists of a phosphate group attached to a sugar molecule.
TRUE
FALSE
A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3.
TRUE
FALSE
Which of the following is(are) ionizing radiation?
Cosmic radiation only
Gamma radiation only
Both cosmic radiation and gamma radiation
Neither cosmic nor gamma radiation
A patient’s blood test shows that their blood pH is 7.29. They are most likely experiencing
alkalosis.
acidosis.
blood clots.
nothing, their blood pH is normal.
The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
8.
16.
24.
32.
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
electrons.
protons.
neutrons.
nuclei.
Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values:
Battery acid (1.0), vinegar (2.2), grapes (3.5–4.5), tomato (4.0–4.5), beer (4.2), coffee (5.0), white bread (5.0–6.0), butter (6.1–6.4), egg whites (7.6–8.0), baking soda (8.3), milk of magnesia (10.6), bleach (12.8)
Which of the following is closest to the pH of water?
White bread
Baking soda
Egg whites
Grapes
The compound H2SO4 will dissociate in water to create HSO4- and H+. The product HSO4- is a base.
TRUE
FALSE
A ribosome exists as an association between different ribosomal protein subunits. The entire structure of the ribosome with its associations between subunits is considered the
primary structure.
secondary structure.
tertiary structure.
quaternary structure.
The atoms of different elements have
the same atomic number and same atomic weight.
the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
different atomic numbers.
different atomic numbers but the same number of electrons.
A biomarker test for cancer should ideally be
inexpensive.
easy to perform.
specific.
All of the answer choices are correct.
Isotopes of an element have
the same atomic number and same atomic weight.
the same atomic number but different atomic weights.
different atomic numbers but the same atomic weight.
different atomic numbers and different atomic weights.
If Ca+2 were to gain 2 electrons, it would become Ca0 and become neutral.
TRUE
FALSE
Cholesterol, a type of lipid, is composed of three fatty acid chains attached to glycerol.
TRUE
FALSE
Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values:
Baking Soda (8.3), Battery Acid (1.0), Beer (4.2), Bleach (12.8), Butter (6.1–6.4), Coffee (5.0), Egg Whites (7.6–8.0), Grapes (3.5–4.5), Milk of Magnesia (10.6), Tomato (4.0–4.5), Vinegar (2.2), White Bread (5.0–6.0)
Which of the following choices includes all acids?
Egg whites, baking soda, milk of magnesia, and bleach
Tomatoes, egg whites, and baking soda
Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee
Beer, butter, and baking soda
Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is obtained by eating plants.
TRUE
FALSE
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is
twofold.
fivefold.
tenfold.
twentyfold.
The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron.
TRUE
FALSE
Which of the following best describes the reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl?
Decomposition reaction
Exchange reaction
Reversible reaction
Synthesis reaction
Water is an example of a compound.
TRUE
FALSE
A simple carbohydrate
has a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
is a building block of protein.
consists of several joined chains.
has only one nucleotide.
A phospholipid differs structurally from a triglyceride in that it has three phosphate groups attached to the glycerol molecule rather than three fatty acid chains.
TRUE
FALSE
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging follows the emission of
positrons.
electrons.
neutrons.
protons.
A triglyceride consists of
3 glycerols and 1 fatty acid.
3 glucose molecules.
3 fatty acids and 3 phosphate groups.
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol.
Chemistry deals with
the composition of and changes to substances that make up living as well as non-living matter.
the composition of and changes to substances found in organisms only.
the composition of and changes to substances that make up non-living matter only.
the location of organs in body cavities.
Which of the following is the least likely to dissolve in water?
Albumin
A triglyceride
Table sugar (sucrose)
Nucleotides
Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because
the foods that we eat are chemicals.
body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes.
chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients.
All of the answer choices are correct.
In the body, oxygen
reacts with water to form carbonic acid.
is used during cellular respiration.
is a major electrolyte.
is produced by cells.
The breakdown of table sugar into glucose and fructose is an example of a(n) __________ reaction.
synthesis
hydrolysis
acid-base
exchange
A substance is added to a protein sample that does not alter the composition or amino acid sequence of the protein itself, but changes its three-dimensional structure. Which of the following was altered by the substance?
Oxygen double bonds
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life?
Iodine-131
Iron-59
Phosphorus-32
Cobalt-60
The __________ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction.
spleen
liver
thymus
thyroid gland
DNA
is a protein.
plays no role in the synthesis of fats.
stores genetic information, including instructions for enzymes that synthesize fats and carbohydrates.
is routinely broken down to provide cellular energy.
In a covalent bond
one atom loses and another atom gains electrons.
atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
oppositely charged atoms attract.
like-charged atoms repel.
Nucleic acids are
very small, simple molecules.
structural molecules that have no function other than support.
composed of building blocks called nucleotides.
primary sources of cellular energy.
In an ionic bond
each atom gains electrons.
atoms share a pair or more of electrons.
oppositely charged atoms attract.
like-charged atoms repel.
The following reaction occurs: HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O. What is the product NaBr considered in this reaction?
A buffer
A salt
A solvent
A protein
An acid reacting with a base is
a synthesis reaction.
hydrolysis.
a decomposition reaction.
an exchange reaction.
The parts of a protein that change when it denatures are
the primary and secondary structures.
the secondary and tertiary structures.
the amino acid sequence and the secondary structure.
the tertiary and quaternary structures.
The nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA provide informational content because
the bases are of several types and therefore can form a code sequence.
they all contain nitrogen.
their sugars and phosphates vary.
the bases are also parts of amino acids.
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
cations.
uncharged particles.
anions.
salts.
When K+ and Cl- meet, they will
repel and form no product.
form KCl with an ionic bond.
form KCl with a covalent bond.
form individual molecules.
On the pH scale
a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number.
the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration.
pH values above 7 are basic (alkaline).
All of the answer choices are correct.
If helium (He) were to gain a proton, it would become
He+.
He−.
Helium-3.
Lithium.
Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the human body by weight?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen
Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen
In the reaction between HCl and Ca(OH)2, the product CaCl2 will be a salt.
TRUE
FALSE
Chemically inert atoms always have their outermost electron shell full.
TRUE
FALSE
An acid is an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
TRUE
FALSE
Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?
Water
Triglyceride
Water-soluble amino acid
Glucose
Which of the following substances is an element?
Iron
Water
Sodium chloride
Glucose
A biomarker is
a gene that encodes a particular protein.
always a protein.
a body chemical associated with a particular disease or exposure to a toxin.
any chemical in the body.
The atomic number of an atom equals the number of __________, and the atomic weight equals the __________.
neutrons; number of protons
protons; weight of all the electrons
neutrons; number of protons plus electrons
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
Through diagnostic tests, high blood pressure can often indicate hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). In this situation, blood pressure can be considered
a biomarker.
a disease.
both a biomarker and a disease.
none of these.
Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of __________.
atoms
inorganic molecules
organic molecules
chemicals
Exposure to ionizing radiation may
cloud the lens of the eye.
cause cancer.
interfere with normal growth.
All of the answer choices are correct.
Which of these is not a monosaccharide?
Glucose
Ribose
6-carbon sugar
Sucrose
Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?
Cosmic rays from outer space
Cholesterol and triglycerides
Atomic and nuclear weapons
Smoke detectors
The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
iodine-131.
iron-59.
thallium-201.
cobalt-60.
The term conformation refers to:
the three-dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein.
the energy held in the bonds of an organic molecule, such as a protein.
the ability of DNA to copy itself.
the amino acid sequence (primary structure) of a protein.
Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because
radiation affects cancer cells but not normal cells.
radiation protects normal cells against the effects of cancer.
radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells.
normal cells are not affected by radiation.
An organic compound always contains
carbon and hydrogen.
oxygen and nitrogen.
carbon and oxygen.
nitrogen and hydrogen.
The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a
protein.
lipid.
carbohydrate.
nucleic acid.
Glycogen is stored in the liver and __________.
spleen
skeletal muscles
pancreas
heart
A computerized tomography (CT) scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is
two-dimensional.
three-dimensional.
four-dimensional.
safer.
When placed into water, the ionic compound NaCl will
bond more strongly to each other.
dissociate into Na+ and Cl- ions.
bond covalently with water molecules, forming HCl and NaOH.
decompose.
Nucleic acids include
proteins and DNA.
RNA and DNA.
enzymes and RNA.
steroids and triglycerides.
Considering the number of valence electrons carbon has, what is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms a free carbon atom may bond with?
1
2
4
8
DNA and RNA differ in that
RNA has deoxyribose and DNA has ribose.
RNA is double-stranded and DNA is single-stranded.
DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein.
RNA is found only in the nucleus and DNA is found only in the cytoplasm.
In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes intellectual disability and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in
carbohydrates.
cholesterol.
protein.
nucleic acids.
A complete atom is electrically neutral because
the number of protons equals the number of neutrons.
the number of electrons equals the number of neutrons.
the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons.
Which of the following is not organic?
Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Enzymes
A protein is formed from a sequence of amino acids.
TRUE
FALSE
Lard will __________ than peanut oil.
contain more water
have more glycerol
have more single carbon-carbon bonds
have fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms
Proteins encode nucleic acids.
TRUE
FALSE
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in the body?
Carbohydrate
Water
Lipid
Protein
A person has alkalosis if the blood pH
is above 7.0.
is below 7.0.
rises above 7.5.
drops below 7.3.
Collagen, a helical protein, became straight and flat as the temperature of its environment was changed. Its primary structure was not altered. What happened to cause it to flatten?
Bonds between carbon and oxygen were broken.
Hydrogen bonds were broken.
Peptide bonds were broken.
Peptide bonds were formed.
CaCl2 is dissolved in water. The chlorine that is released will be in the form of anions.
TRUE
FALSE
Nucleic acids are composed of building blocks called amino acids.
TRUE
FALSE
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
release of energy.
digestion of food products.
growth of body parts.
neutralization of acids by buffers.
Proteins
are structural materials.
can function as enzymes.
contain C, H, O, and N, and sometimes S.
All of the answer choices are correct.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
TRUE
FALSE
Amylase is an enzyme that promotes the breakdown of starches during digestion. Which of the following describes the method by which amylase functions?
It catalyzes starch breakdown without being changed or depleted.
It functions as a hormone that signals for starch breakdown to begin.
It inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted by the starch.
It changes its composition in order to break starch down itself.
