The principal leukocyte in acute inflammation

______turns on the gene and can lead to overactive transcription (gene expression)

This type of immunity functions against microbes and all viruses that replicate inside cells (T cells)

This type of hypersensitivity reaction does NOT involve any antibody, is cell-mediated,

cytotoxic T-lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 or Th17

Direct killing of CTL or phagocytic cells by the Th1/Th17 cells.

Examples are graft rejections, TB skin tests, allergic RXNs from posion ivy or metals.

In an attempt to best explain the innate immune system to a class of first-year nursing students, the instructor should describe what characteristic?

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A nutritional deficiency of folic acid and B12 (cobalamin) can result in ______ anemia:

bone marrow failure (pantocytopenia)

Renal failure with decreased EPO (erythropoeitin)--> decreased RBCs

Anticoagulant drugs prevent thromboembolic disorders. How does warfarin, one of the anticoagulant drugs, act on the body?

Which of the following is NOT an inciting event/ insult that triggers clotting cascades & a procoagulant state?

In DIC, excess ________ generation leads to microvasucular thrombosis (apparently very important in the ppt. :) )

In DIC, consumption/ alteration in coagulation components & excessive _________ leads to hemorrhage

The rapid, non-specific response of inflammation that involves both cellular (phagocytes, neutrophils) AND chemical components (cytokines, complement)

With the selectively permeable barrier (BBB):

Only H2O, _______, and O2 enter the brain easily due to endothelial cell tight junctions with diffusion

inflammatory mediators (chemicals) in nociceptors include:

Select all that apply:

Although the etiology is largely unknown, Alzheimer's is characterized by cortical atrophy and loss of neurons- especially in the _____ &_____ lobes.

The neuritic plaques of Alzheimers that accumulate and "stick" together --> EC plaques

Cushing's Triad, associated with increased intracranial pressure, include all of the following except:

The volumes of each of three intracranial components can vary slightly without causing marked changes in ICP because small increases in the volume of one component can be compensated for by a decrease in the volume of one or both of the other two components.

What hypothesis is this describing?

The nurse enters a client's hospital room and finds the client breathing rapidly, stating, "I must be having a stroke, my fingers are tingling!" Which acid–base balance disorder is this client experiencing due to hyperventilation?

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

A client is admitted for ketoacidosis. The client's breath is fruity and others state that the client has been acting "different." Initial blood glucose level is 642 mg/dL (35.63 mmol/L). Which rationale for prescribing an insulin drip (IV infusion) is most accurate?

Right-sided heart failure is the inability of the heart to provide adequate blood flow into ________________ circulation at a normal central venous pressure, with a manifestation of _________ edema

Which is not an endocrine function of the kidney?

This cause of AKI, bilateral urinary obstruction, can be caused by prostatic hyperplasia

_____ causes decreased membrane excitability that can lead to bradycardia.

Excess bicarbonate base or IV infusion, as well as loss of potassium or vomitting, NG suctioning, bulimia can cause:

Acute disorders of ventilation- narcotics, atelectasis, pneumonia, and chronic orders of ventilation can lead to respiratory:

____ is a cofactor in ATP synthesis and 100s of other metabolic RXNs, it has the same effect on neuromuscular excitability as Ca++

In DIC, both the increase in micro-vascular thrombi and generalized hemmorhage lead to_______ which leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Crohn Disease involves skip lesions, whereas UC involves rectal involvement, moving distally--> proximally

Peptic ulcer disease is most often seen in the _____, where both acid and pepsin penetrate the mucosal barrier

When analyzing an arterial blood gas report of a pt with COPD & respiratory acidosis, the nurse anticipates that compensation will develop through which of the following mechanisms?

A complication of strep. pyrogenes from pharyngitis can be:

Hallmark of ARDS:

Bone remodeling is controlled by the __________ pathway: