One legend of the founding of Rome is in the story of _______________.

__________, a blind poet, wrote The Aeneid, another story about the founding of Rome.

The ___________________ were the first groups to settle in Rome.

A ___________ is a form of government in which the leader is elected by the citizens.

Roman soldiers were called ______________ who defended the city from attack.

The Roman soldiers were divided into groups of 6,000 people or___________.

__________were small groups of 90 soldiers from the legions who could cut through enemy lines.

Rome fought the Phoenicians for control of the Mediterranean Sea in the ____________.

____________ was the strongest Carthaginian general.

________was the Roman general who defeated the Carthaginians at the Battle of Zama.

Rome’s wealthy landowners were called____________.

Rome’s ordinary citizens were called__________.

Roman laws were written on bronze tablets called the ________, which are the basis for many laws today.

_________were huge farming estates, bought by the wealthy when the farmers could no longer afford the land.

The _______________were Roman officials who tried to keep the republic out of the control of the wealthy.

__________ was a military hero who seized power in Rome and made reforms.

A ____________is a government ruled by three people.

Caesar gained power on his own after he crossed the ________and defeated Pompey.

Caesar declared himself________, one who rules with complete authority, in 44 B.C.

Julius Caesar was assassinated on the ________, March 15, 44 B.C.

Octavian was a nephew of Julius Caesar who changed his name to ___________after he became ruler of Rome.

_____________(Roman peace) was a period of peace and prosperity after the reforms of Caesar Augustus.

______________was a Roman emperor who built Hadrian’s Wall in Britain and made laws easier to understand.

The Romans copied much of __________and changed it to meet their own needs.

The arch was developed to build bridges and_________, channels built to carry water for long distances along the famous Roman roads.

A ________ is a curved ceiling made of arches built against one another.

The Romans developed__________, a mixture of volcanic ash, lime, and water, which made buildings stronger.

_________was an author who wrote satires and odes that reflected Roman life.

_______was the most famous Roman doctor who emphasized the importance of studying organs and anatomy.

__________studied the stars and planets and explained their movements.

A _______was an open space that served as a market and meeting place.

The __________was an arena that supported itself, not built on a hillside.

The_____________, “father of the family,” was the head of the Roman household.

A Roman home was called a_________.

Romans used________, people captured from wars, to do much of their work.

____________ led an unsuccessful slave revolt.

________was the language of ancient Rome.

The favorite sport of the Romans was _______games held in the Colosseum.

Chariot races were held in the ______________.

_____________was a Roman emperor who moved the capital to Constantine to try to save the empire.

The three main causes of the ________________were poor leadership, a declining economy, and invasions by Germanic tribes.

____________was the last emperor of Rome.

_________was a Germanic general who overthrew the last Roman emperor.

The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius buried the city of ________in the year 79. The discovery of the ruins of the town in the 1500’s gave us information about ancient Rome.

_________________were historians who wrote of the burial of Pompeii.

The __________set up their kingdom in Canaan around 1000 B.C. They believed that this land was promised to them by God.

______________is the belief in one god.

The Israelites recorded their history in the ___________.

The faith of the Israelites became known as_________.

The Israelites believed that they were descended from_____________.

__________was the grandson of Abraham. He was also called Israel, which means “struggle with God.” This name was later given to Jacob’s descendants.

The families of the 12 sons of Jacob divided into _________________.

Because of a ________in Canaan, the Israelites moved to Egypt where they were slaves.

To put down a rebellion, the pharaoh ordered all baby boys who were born to Israelites to be killed. The mother of ______hid him in the river. He was discovered by the pharaoh’s daughter who raised him.

Moses grew up to lead the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan. This escape was known as the

_________.

Moses went to the top of Mt. Sinai where he received laws from God, which were called the

_______by the Israelite people.

In the Torah was a _________or agreement with God.

The most important part of the Torah was the __________or the most important laws. These commandments helped shape the basic moral laws of many nations.

After the Israelites settled in Canaan, they were ruled by judges. One judge, _________, helped win a battle against the Canaanites.

The __________were a powerful group of people living in Canaan who made weapons of iron. They were feared by the Israelites.

The Israelites were led against the Philistines first by______.

King _______built the Israelite empire and made Jerusalem the capital city.

David’s son, __________, built a temple in Jerusalem.

Eventually the Israelites were conquered by Nebuchadnezzar but continued to practice their religion in_______, or time living in a foreign land, while unable to live their own land.

The Jews living outside of Judah were known as the__________. They learned Greek ways and helped to spread Judaism.

___________ led the Jews to drive the Greeks out of Judah.

____________is the religion of those who follow the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Jesus was born in______________.

Jesus claimed to be the __________or savior of all people.

Jesus taught in ___________, stories that use everyday events to teach spiritual ideas.

Jesus gathered a group of 12 followers, called_________, to help him teach.

Because Jesus threatened the power of the Romans and Jews who controlled Judea, he was arrested by the Romans and________, hung on a cross to die.

Jesus’ followers claimed that he had been ________or raised from the dead.

The most famous____________, followers who spread the religion after Jesus’ death, were Peter and Paul.

Constantine was the first Christian emperor of Rome; he ordered that the__________, or mistreatment, of Christians end.

__________made Christianity the official religion of Rome.

The church was organized in a______________, an organization with levels of authority, based on the government of Rome.

Decisions reached by the patriarchs became the________, official teachings of the church.

The ______is a combination of the Old Testament Jewish writings and the teachings and life of Jesus, written by four followers who knew him, in the New Testament.

The ________was the bishop of the Roman church who became leader of all of the Christian churches.

The Eastern Byzantine Christians did not accept the power of the pope and formed their own church, the _________________.

The _________religion was founded by Muhammad.

The followers of Islam flocked to ____________, their sacred city, where Muhammad was born.

The _______was a low, square building that housed statues of gods and goddesses.

_______is the Arabic word for God.

Muhammad moved to the city of______, which was renamed Madinah.

The holy book of Islam is called the________.

The ____________________________are acts of worship that Muslims are expected to fulfill.

A _______is an important Muslim religious leader.

The Islam people split into two groups after Muhammad died: the ___________________.

A __________is a Muslim house of worship.

A _______is a Muslim marketplace.

__________was an Arabic scholar who established the House of Wisdom.

A __________is a tower atop a mosque from which a crier calls people to prayer five times a day.

A ______________is a large landmass that is part of a continent but separate from it.

The _____________are the highest in the world.

The earliest civilization in ancient India developed around the _____________.

A __________is a wind that blows one direction in summer and the opposite direction in winter.

_____________ were the two major cities of ancient India.

The _________conquered the Harappans and ruled India.

_________was the written language of India.

A _______is a prince who ruled the Aryan tribes in India.

A _______is a social group into which a person is born and cannot change.

A _________is an Indian teacher.

____________is one of the religions of India.

______________is the universal spirit of Hinduism.

___________is the good or bad energy a Hindu builds as he or she lives.

__________is the divine law of Hinduism.

The idea of passing through many lives is called________________.

_____________was an Indian religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama.

Siddhartha Gautama became known as__________, the “enlightened one.”

The main teachings of Buddha are contained in the _________________.

The _____________is Buddha’s steps to eliminate suffering.

________________founded India’s first empire.

_________are Buddhist shrines.

____________was the world’s first Buddhist king.

The _________dynasty formed around the Ganges River.

____________are Indian prayers and hymns.

______________was the leading mathematician of India.