The topic or central idea which is universal in nature.

A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but is a latent truth.

He was thirsty enough to drink a river dry

It is how the words are arranged in a sentence or line.

It is one figurative language used to represent objects, actions, and ideas in a manner that appeals to the five sense: sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch.

which expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings in a creative, unique, and poetic way.

A fully developed character as opposed to the other.

The character has to deal with natural disasters or find themselves in harsh environment such as the middle of the desert or ocean.

The introduction of the problem.

It is an unexpected turn of events or revelation about the previous events.

Through the character’s dreams, the author can show events that happened in a different time period.

The hero or protagonist must face extraordinary creatures such as gods or monsters before he can achieve his goal.

endows human qualities or abilities to inanimate objects or abstractions.

Also a happy ending with emphasis on the good being rewarded and the bad being punished.