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Exercise Physiology

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Epimysium

a)

connective tissue sheath surrounding each muscle fiber

b)

outer connective tissue covering a muscle

c)

connective tissue sheath surrounding a fascicle

d)

hold together and give shape

2.

Perimysium

a)

connective tissue sheath surrounding each fascicle

b)

small fiber bundle wrapped in connective tissue

c)

sheath of connective tissue covering each muscle fiber

d)

outer connective tissue covering a muscle fiber

3.

Fascicle

a)

outer connective tissue covering a muscle

b)

hold together and give shape

c)

small bundle of fibers wrapped in a connective tissue sheath

d)

sheath of connective tissue covering each muscle fiber

4.

endomysium

a)

holds together and gives shape

b)

sheath of connective tissue covering each muscle fiber

c)

small bundle of fibers wrapped in a connective tissue sheath

d)

connective tissue sheath surrounding each fascicle

5.

Musculoskeletal system

a)

skeletal muscles and bones

b)

connective muscle and joints

c)

nerves, bones and muscles

d)

Muscles, bones, and brain

6.

longest human muscle fiber

a)

12 cm

b)

6 cm

c)

10 in

d)

12 in

7.

muscle cells

a)

muscle fibers

b)

uninucleate

c)

multinucleate

d)

fast twitch muscle

8.

Inscriptions

a)

compartments or more transverse fibrous brands from muscle bellies

b)

small bundles of fibers wrapped in a connective tissue sheath

c)

thick middle part of muscles

d)

individual muscle fiber

9.

Sarcomeres

a)

basic functional unit of myofibril

b)

small bundle of muscle fibers

c)

hold together and give shape

d)

covers each muscle fiber

10.

plasmalemma

a)

plasma membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber

b)

sheath of connective tissue around each muscle fiber

c)

outer connective tissue of a muscle

d)

connective tissue surrounding each fascicle

11.

sarcolemma

a)

plasmalemma and basement membrane

b)

plasmalemma and fascicles

c)

fascicles and sacromeres

d)

endomysium and perimysium

12.

End of each muscle fiber

a)

plasmalemma fuses with tendon and inserts into bone

b)

endomysium connects to sarcolemma and joints

c)

perimyosium connects to insertion

d)

plasma membrane fuses to endomysium and connects to bone

13.

Functions of the Plasmalemma

a)

hold together and give shape

b)

transmit action potential

c)

maintain acid-base balance

d)

transport metabolites from capillaries

14.

Myofibrils

a)

basic functional unit

b)

contractile element of muscle

c)

bundle of muscle fibers

d)

individual muscle fibers

15.

Sarcoplasm

a)

gelatin, fills space within and between myofibrils

b)

gelatin, fills space within and between fascicles

c)

gelatin, surrounds sarcomeres

d)

gelatin, between plasmalemma and sarcolemma

e)

gelatin, contains a large amount of stored glycogen and myoglobin

16.

Satellite cells

a)

located between plasmalemma and basement membrane

b)

individual muscle fibers

c)

contains large quantity of stored oxygen

d)

grow and develop skeletal muscle

e)

help muscle adapt to injury or training

17.

transverse tubules

a)

extensions of plasmalemma

b)

pass laterally through muscle fiber

c)

allow nerve impulses to be transmitted rapidly

d)

inside sarcoplasm

18.

Sacroplasmic reticulum

a)

longitudinal tube network

b)

storage site for calcium

c)

transmit action potential

d)

extension of plasmalemma

19.

actin

a)

thicker filament

b)

thinner filament

20.

myosin

a)

thicker filament

b)

thinner filament

21.

I band

a)

light zone

b)

dark zone

c)

in middle of A band

d)

rest of A band

22.

A band

a)

light zone

b)

dark zone

c)

second I band

d)

in middle of H zone

23.

H zone

a)

light zone

b)

dark zone

c)

in middle of H zone

d)

in the middle of A band

24.

M-line

a)

light zone

b)

dark zone

c)

in the middle of H zone

d)

second I band

25.

Z disks

a)

dark strip in I bands

b)

middle of H zone

c)

light stripe in A bands

d)

middle of A band

26.

Nebulin

a)

anchoring protein for actin

b)

tube shaped protein that twists around actin strands

c)

basic contractile unit of muscle

d)

mediates actin and myosin interaction

27.

Actin molecules

a)

thicker filaments

b)

individual muscle fiber

c)

anchoring protein

d)

backbone of filament

28.

Tropomyosin

a)

tube shaped protein that twists around actin strands

b)

backbone of the filament

c)

anchoring protein for actin

d)

thicker filament

29.

Troponin

a)

works with tropomyosin to initiate contraction and relax

b)

works with actin to initiate contraction and relaxation

c)

anchoring protein for actin

d)

tube shaped protein that twist around actin strands

30.

α motor neuron

a)

nerve cell that connects with and innervates muscle fibers

b)

basic contractile unit of muscle

c)

complex sequence of events that triggers a muscle fiber to contract

d)

sheath of connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

31.

Motor Unit

a)

single α-motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it signals

b)

complex sequence of events that triggers a muscle fiber to contract

c)

tube shaped protein that twists around actin strands

d)

individual muscle fiber

32.

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

a)

the complex sequence of events that trigger a muscle fiber to contract

b)

a single a-motor neuron and all the fibers in directly signals

c)

relaxation and intiation of myofibril

d)

extension of the plasmalemma laterally through myofibrils

33.

Sliding filament theory

a)

muscles fibers shorten and contract

b)

myosin head tilts and drags thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere

c)

blocks the myosin binding sites and stops contraction of filaments

d)

lifts the troponin from the myosin binding site for contraction

34.

Power stroke

a)

tilting of the myosin head to center of sarcomere

b)

movement of troponin to open myosin binding sites

c)

contraction of muscle fibers

d)

relaxation of actin and myosin

35.

adenosine triphosphate

a)

binds with myosin molecule for muscle contraction

b)

located on myosin heads

c)

energy released from breakdown powers tilting of myosin head

36.

muscle contraction continues

a)

as long as you control it

b)

as long as myosin heads are binding

c)

as long as calcium is available in the sarcoplasm

d)

as long as there is glycogen in muscle tissue

37.

Type 1 muscle fibers

a)

slow twitch

b)

110 ms to reach peak tension

c)

fast twitch

d)

50 ms to reach peak tension

38.

type 2 muscle fibers

a)

slow twitch

b)

110 ms to reach peak tension

c)

fast twitch

d)

50 ms to reach peak tension

39.

Type 2a muscle fibers

a)

most frequently recruited

b)

25% of muscle fibers

c)

least often used

d)

1 to 3% of muscle

40.

Smooth muscle Tissue

a)

involuntary, hollow organs

b)

involuntary, heart

c)

voluntary, skeleton

41.

Cardiac muscles

a)

involuntary, hollow organs

b)

involuntary, heart

c)

voluntary, skeleton

42.

skeletal muscle

a)

involuntary, hollow organs

b)

involuntary, heart

c)

voluntary, skeleton

43.

Type 2x muscle fibers

a)

25% of muscle fibers

b)

used for explosive sports

c)

1 to 3% of muscle

d)

most frequently recruited

44.

Type 2c muscle fibers

a)

1 to 3% of muscle fibers

b)

least often used

c)

25% of muscle fibers

d)

everyday activities

45.

key difference in muscle fiber types

a)

different forms of myosin ATPase

b)

differ in speed of contraction

c)

different cell types

d)

more myosin heads on type 1

46.

SR in Type 2

a)

highly developed

b)

less developed

c)

more adept delivery

d)

slower delivery

47.

Muscle fiber type determined by

a)

sacroplasmic reticulum

b)

a motor neuron

c)

ATPase

d)

training

48.

Aerobic endurance

a)

Type 1 muscle fibers

b)

Type 2 muscle fibers

49.

Anaerobic performance

a)

Type 1 muscle fibers

b)

Type 2 muscle fibers

50.

Muscle produce more force by

a)

releasing more calcium

b)

activating more myosin sites

c)

activating more motor units

d)

receiving more oxygen

51.

Principle of orderly recruitment

a)

activated based on a fixed fiber recruitment order

b)

fixed order of ATPase release

c)

different levels of calcium being released over time

d)

type 1, type 2, type 2a, type 2x

52.

Size principle

a)

order of motor unit recruitment is directly related to motor neuron size

b)

bigger fibers with more calcium are recruited first

c)

small muscles require less activation and are recruited first

d)

muscle fibers are recruited in order of nucleus size

53.

Predictors of Athletic Success

a)

cardiovascular Function

b)

motivation

c)

training

d)

muscle size

e)

fiber composition

54.

shortening of a muscle, most familiar

a)

concentric contraction

b)

dynamic contraction

c)

static/isometric contraction

55.

contractions where joint movement is produced, changes length with force production

a)

concentric contraction

b)

dynamic contraction

c)

static/isometric contraction

56.

muscle generates force but length remains unchanged

a)

concentric contraction

b)

dynamic contraction

c)

static/isometric contraction

57.

Muscle lengthens while producing force

a)

concentric contraction

b)

eccentric contraction

c)

static/isometric contraction

58.

Soleus muscle

a)

always type 1

b)

always type 2

59.

Motor unit muscle fiber recruitment order

a)

Type 1, Type 2a, Type 2x

b)

Type 2x, Type 2a, Type 1

c)

Type 2a, Type 2x, Type 1

d)

Type 1, Type 2x, Type 2a

60.

Endurance runners

a)

Type 1

b)

Type 2

61.

Sprinters

a)

Type 1

b)

Type 2

62.

Amount of muscle force depends on

a)

Number and type of motor units activated

b)

frequency of stimulation

c)

size of muscle

d)

muscle fiber and sarcomere length

e)

velocity of contraction

63.

More force

a)

Type 2 motor units

b)

Type 1 motor units

64.

Twitch frequency of stimulation

a)

single electrical stimulus

b)

series of 3 stimuli

c)

higher frequencies

65.

Summation frequency of stimulation

a)

single electrical stimulus

b)

series of three stimuli

c)

higher frequencies

66.

Tetanus frequency of stimulation

a)

single electrical stimulus

b)

series of 3 stimuli

c)

higher frequencies

67.

maximal force development progressively decreases at higher speeds

a)

concentric

b)

eccentric

68.

maximal force development increases at higher speeds

a)

concentric

b)

eccentric

69.

Substrates

a)

fuel sources that we make energy from

b)

fats, carbs, proteins

c)

sugars

d)

food sources that provide nutrients

70.

Metabolism

a)

all of the chemical reactions in the body

b)

breakdown of substances in the body

c)

breakdown of fats

d)

synthesis of fats

71.

simple six carbon sugar; monosaccharide

a)

glucose

b)

glycogen

c)

fructose

d)

sucrose

72.

stored in muscles and livers; complex poly saccharide

a)

glucose

b)

glycogen

c)

sucrose

d)

fructose

73.

fats

a)

prolonged, less intense exercise

b)

short, high intensity exercise

74.

Gluconeogenesis

a)

protein or fat is converted into glucose

b)

process of converting protein into fatty acids

c)

control the rate of free energy release

75.

lipogenesis

a)

protein or fat is converted into glucose

b)

process of converting protein into fatty acids

c)

control the rate of free energy release

76.

Control the rate of free energy release; speed up breakdown of chemical compounds

a)

enzymes

b)

catabolism

c)

anabolism

d)

lipogenesis

77.

activity determined by accumulation of substances farther down the pathway that decreases enzyme activity

a)

catabolism

b)

rate limiting enzyme

c)

gluconeogenesis

d)

liponeogenesis

78.

process of generating ATP is added to ADP

a)

gluconeogenesis

b)

phosphorlyation

c)

anaerobic metabolism

d)

negative feedback loop

79.

anaerobic metabolism

a)

ATP-PCr system

b)

glycolytic system

c)

oxidative system

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