When the text actually has more than one story in it.

When the author presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur

A conversation between two or more characters in a text

When the author lets you get to know characters by the things they do

When the narrator of the story is all-knowing, like a god looking at the world from above, seeing the truth of everything

When the person who is narrating/telling the story is the main character in the book, so we get to hear their perspective

When the author gives us insight into more than one characters’ perspective about a topic/issue in a text

To give an object a meaning that is different and usually larger than its typical meaning or function

When the writer uses multiple senses to help readers imagine what it is like to be in the story.

Used to show an example or a connection between two things that are typically not connected

The attitude that the author or speaker takes towards the main subject or idea of the text

In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.

“Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”

Listen, my children, and you shall hear

Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,

On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-Five:

Hardly a man is now alive

Who remembers that famous day and year.

He said to his friend, “If the British march

By land or sea from the town to-night,

Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry-arch

Of the North-Church-tower, as a signal-light,–

One if by land, and two if by sea;

In my head I'm thinking how long till lunchtime, how long till I can take the red sweater and throw it over the schoolyard fence, or even leave it hanging on a parking meter, or bunch it up into a little ball and toss it in the alley.

"Whose is this?" Mrs. Price says, and she holds the red sweater up in the air for all the class to see. "Whose? It's been sitting in the coatroom for a month."

"Not mine," says the class in unison. "Not me."

But one day at recess, Eric followed her to her secret hiding place. “Have you become a mole?” he laughed. And he pulled her out into the hall, and danced around her. “Dumbbell, dumbbell, magotty old dumbbell!”

Dear DUNCAN, It has been great being your FAVORITE color this PAST Year. I have really enjoyed all those OCEANS, LAKES, Rivers, raindrops, rain CLOUDS and CLEAR skies. But the BAD NEWS is that I am so short and stubby, I can’t even see over the railing in the CRAYON BOX anymore! I need a BREAK! Your very stubby friend. Blue Crayon

Hi, Duncan, I HATE being used to draw the outline of things… … things that are colored in by other colors, all of which think they’re brighter than me! It’s NOT FAIR when you use me to draw a nice beach ball and then fill in the colors of the ball with ALL THE OTHER CRAYONS. How about a BLACK Beach ball sometime? Is that too much to ask? Your Friend, Black Crayon

Mama and I stand well back from our window, looking down. I’m holding Jasmine, my cat. We don’t have our lights on though it’s almost dark.

People are rioting in the street below.

Gandalf sat down again and puffed at his pipe, as if lost in thought. His eyes seemed closed, but under the lids he was watching Frodo intently. Frodo gazed fixedly at the red embers on the hearth, until they filled all his vision, and he seemed to be looking down into profound wells of fire. He was thinking of the fabled Cracks of Doom and the terror of the Fiery Mountain.

Princess Amanita’s garden was filled with prickles and stickles and brambles and nettles. There were plants that stung, and plants that stunk, and plants with spikes so sharp that the palace gardeners wore armor when they weeded them.

He says, you have to study and learn so that you can make up your own mind about history and everything else but you can’t make up an empty mind. Stock your mind, stock your mind. You might be poor, your shoes might be broken, but your mind is a palace.

Dear DUNCAN,

It has been great being your FAVORITE color this PAST Year. And the Year before THAT! I have really enjoyed all those OCEANS, LAKES, Rivers, raindrops, rain CLOUDS and CLEAR skies. But the BAD NEWS is that I am so short and stubby, I can’t even see over the railing in the CRAYON BOX anymore! I need a BREAK!

Your very stubby friend.

Blue Crayon

One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,

One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.