Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

a projection of a map of the world onto a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used especially for marine charts and certain climatological maps.

genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

The Gross National Income (GNI) of a given country divided by its population.

The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.

One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

any agricultural system involving the application of large amounts of capital and/or labor per unit of cultivated land; may be part of either subsistence or commercial economy

The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination.

a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...).

A group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce

A venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. The European Union is one such organization.

Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services.

The fragmentation of a state or region into smaller,often hostile, units along ethno-linguistic lines

Redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districts as possible.

A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions.

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

an area on the Earth’s surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon.

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape. The layers of buildings, forms, and artifacts sequentially imprinted on the landscape by the activities of various human occupants.

also known as a developing country, a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

In agriculture, a leveled section of a hilly cultivated area, designed as a method of soil conservation to slow or prevent the rapid surface runoff of irrigation water

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

Adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam.

Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

The market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves.

a center of influence in a functional or nodal region

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

A form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way.

Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions

religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts

This occurs when a language is no longer in use by any living people

Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.

Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift actively from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a few years and left fallow for a relatively long period

Business can be done from anywhere.

the highly developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. These regions were the first newly industrialized countries.

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area.

land suitable for growing crops

economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment; such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture