any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet.

hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust, including any dissolved gases and crystals.

magma that reaches the Earth’s surface

igneous rocks that formed below the Earth’s surface

igneous rocks that have formed on the Earth’s surface

rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, compacted, and cemented

rock formed by the alteration of preexisting rock deep within Earth (but still in solid form) by heat, pressure and/or chemically active fluids

a rock formed by the crystallization of molten magma

the process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smaller pieces

the process by which soil and rock particles are carried and moved elsewhere by gravity or a moving transport agent such as wind, water or ice

the process by which an agent of erosion loses energy and drops the sediment it is carrying

a process by which sediments are squeezed together by the weight of overlying materials driving out water

a process of solidification of sediments by the deposition of dissolved minerals in the tiny spaces between the sediment particles

the process by which sediments compact under pressure and gradually become solid rock