Arguments in which the speaker claims to be an expert or relies on information provided by experts -- Example: "9 out of 10 doctors recommend..."

Arguments in which the speaker attempts to affect the listener's personal feelings-- Example: If you want to keep your family safe, you need to buy this system..."

Arguments in which the speaker attempts to persuade the listener through the use of deductive reasoning and logic-- Example: Providing statistics and examples

The repetition of the BEGINNING sounds of words

Ex: the high-hung hall in the distance

A comparison of two different things that are ALIKE in some way-- Example: Finding a good man is like finding a needle in a haystack. Explanation-- A man and a needle are not similar, but the excitement of finding both when searching for them is comparable.

reference to a person, place, thing, or work of literature

Ex: He was a real Romeo with the ladies.

A short, entertaining story

popular view -- Example: Changing which team is your favorite based on which team is winning/popular

words used to invoke emotions-- Example: profitable, secret, dangerous, revolutionary

using excessive praise

An exaggeration --Example: That class lasted forever.

lively descriptions that create an image in your head

Meanings of words are the opposite of their usual meanings-- Example: Paying ahead for parking and arriving and seeing that parking is free

showing what can be expected because of what has happened before-- Example: When it rains, the ground gets wet. You walk outside and your driveway is wet; therefore, it must have rained.

using abusive names to attack the opposing side-- Example: calling your opponent a "nasty woman"

using the same structure (in a list or series in a sentence)-- Ex: We are going to learn to cook, to sew, and to clean.

Repeating of WORDS or PHRASES-- Example: MLK, Jr. repeated "I have a dream."

asked to engage the audience without expecting a response-- Example: when your teacher asks "Are you ten years old?!"

A comparison using like or as--

A comparison without using like or as--

A speaker's view of the situation or events of a story/speech

a person or thing that makes another seem better by contrast

Desire to return in the thought or fact to a former time

the use of language in which multiple meanings are possible-- Example: The word "cool" has multiple meanings.

what is implied by a word (often quite different from the word's actual meaning) Example: The word "homework" always has a negative connotation.

The way(s) in which a speaker arranges his or her speech