causes of behaviour in a dynamic interplay of inner forces

unconscious desire

emphasize the central role of CONSCIOUSNESS

subjective, ultimate potential

-goal is to devise ways o measuring individuals differences in personality traits

-describe basic classes of behaviour

human interprets events

thinks about the past, anticipate future and decide how to behave

environmental causes

reactors to external event

theory of personality

approach to studying the mind

method treating psychological disorders

powers the mind ,presses for:

DIRECT (sexual activity)

INDIRECT (sexual fantasies, farming, painting)

mental events we are presently aware of

memories, thoughts, feelings

unaware of the moment

can be called to consciousness awarness

dynamic realm of wishes, feelings, impulses

lies beyond our awareness

discharged in dreams, slips of tongue, disguised behaviour

Id, Ego, Superego

PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

seeks immediate gratification

exists in the unconscious

innermost core of personality

REALITY PRINCIPLE

test reality to decide when and under what conditions the Id can safely discharged it's impulses

-conscious level

moral arm of the personality

self control

stores the values and ideas of society

developed at the age of 4 or 5

conscious, pre-conscious, unconscious

use to deny and distort reality

release of impulses from the id in disguised forms

memories are pushed into the unconscious mind

e.g sexually abused in childhood develops amnesia for the event

refuses to acknowledge anxiety arousing aspects of the environment

e.g. a man who has cancer refuses to consider the possibility that he will recover

unacceptable impulse is repressed, directed at a safer substitute target

displace urge to someone

upsetting EVENT is repressed

removing one's self, EMOTIONALLY from stressful event

After hearing that his grandmother has expired, Pete quickly gets busy with arranging for the funeral and contacting family members.

unacceptable impulse is repressed

projected onto other people

A man who has had a bad day at the office, comes home and yells at his wife and children, is displacing his anger from workplace onto his family.

a woman with strong repressed desire to have an affair accuses her husband of being unfaithful

construction of excuse for an event that has already occurred

explaining your behaviour

e.g. caught cheating, point out the test are unfair and that everybody else is cheating

exaggerated expression of the opposite behaviour

e.g mother who have feelings of hatred for her children represses them and becomes overprotective

repressed impulse in the form of a socially acceptable or even admired behaviour

refocusing your urge to something acceptable

a man with a strong hostile impulses becomes an investigative reporter who ruins political career with stories

Id's seeking pleasure tendencies focused on specific pleasure-sensitive areas

stage where inadequate or excessive gratification at any stage is FIXED

Psychologists who disagreed about Freud's Theory

Karren Horney, Alfred Adler

Carl Jung,Erik Erikson

desire to advance the welfare others

drives people to do EVERYTHING perfect to get SUPERIORITY over others

ANALYTIC PSYCHOLOGY

not just personal unconscious (life experiences)

COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS (history of human race)

interpret experience in certain ways

find expression in symbols, myths, and beliefs

(God, Evil force, Hero,Good Mother)

images or mental representations that people form of themselves and other people

PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY

primary goal is make sense out of the world

find personal meaning

SELF THEORY

behaviour is a response to our immediate conscious experience of self and environment

primary goal is to make sense out of the world

to find personal meaning

cognitive categories

sort people and events in their lives

useful in predicting person's future behaviour

dramaturgical approach

make the clients role play different from themselves

behaviour is a response to our immediate conscious experience of our self and environment

organized, consistent set of perceptions, beliefs of one self

powerful in guiding our perceptions and directing our behaviour

ABSENCE OF CONFLICT

among self perceptions

how POSITIVE or NEGATIVE we feel for ourselves

the higher, the greater vulnerability to ego threats

consistency between self perception and experience

real self does not correspond to the perceived self

distorts or denies reality to make it consistent with the self concept

(NEED FOR POSITIVE REAGRD)

independent of how the child behaves

child is worthy of love

(NEED FOR POSITIVE REAGRD)

Dependent on how the child behaves

love and acceptance may only be given based on conditions

worthy of approval and love only when they met certain standard

dictate if we approve or disapprove ourselves

do not hide behind masks

sense of inner freedom

self determination

choice in direction of their growth

need to preserve their self concept by maintaining self-consistency and congruence

"positive illusions"

attribute success to own abilities

attribute their failure to environmental factors

attributes and behaviours that are appropriate and expected for male and females