Emperor which tried to unite all of Europe as a Christian Empire.

A grant of land that would make someone a feudal vassal.

A political system in which nobles were granted the use of land that legally belonged to the king.

Person who wore heavy armor into battle, practiced chivalry, and came from a noble family during the Middle Ages.

An organization of individuals in the same business or occupation.

An estate or district leased to tenants, owned by lords.

A donation to the church; 10% of a person’s income.

Code of honor used by knights during the middle ages.

Rules of the Roman Catholic Church which regulated everyday life.

The practice of selling important church positions for money, done by kings rather than the Pope.

Holy wars fought between European Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims.

Event in which heretics were questioned by the church and were asked to repent their sins while being tortured

Expansion of business and trade, helped towns flourish

Rulings by England’s royal judges that formed a unified body of laws.

British document that guaranteed certain basic, political rights.

A legislative group made up of two houses, the house of commons and the house of Lords.

Lawmaking branch of the French government

Disease that killed ⅓ of Europe’s population during the Middle Ages.

War between the monarchs of France and England after the death of Charles IV over disputed land