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AP Bio-Unit 4-Cell Signaling-Review (Section 5.6)

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which is not a part of a signal transduction pathway?
a)
response
b)
transcription
c)
transduction
d)
receptor
2.
What role do protein kinases serve?
a)
remove phosphate groups to deactivate enzymes
b)
inactivate cAMP to AMP
c)
add phosphate groups to activate enzyme's
d)
activate G proteins
3.
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following molecules act as a second messenger in the cascade by which epinephrine stimulates the activation of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase?
a)
Adenosine
b)
Adenylyl cyclase
c)
Citric acid
d)
Cyclic AMP
4.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
5.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
6.
G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches.
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
a)
Production of the ligand molecule.
b)
Reception of the signal.
c)
Transduction of the signal.
d)
Production of response to signal.
7.
The term steroid describes both hormones produced by the body and artificially produced medications that duplicate the action for the naturally occurring steroids. All of the following describe steroid hormones EXCEPT:
a)
A.  They bind with receptor proteins in the plasma membrane to trigger cellular responses.
b)
A.  They are derived from cholesterol and are lipid soluble.
c)
They serve as ligands in signal transduction pathways
d)
A.  They are exemplified by testosterone, estrogen and progesterone
8.
Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Which of the following best describes how a cell initially responds to a signal?
a)
The cell experiences a change in receptor conformation
b)
The cell experiences an influx of ions
c)
The cell experiences an increase in protein kinase activity
d)
The cell experiences G protein activation
9.
Which areas in the diagram depict the process of transduction in the signal transduction pathway of cell communication?
a)
Q and R
b)
Q and U
c)
S and T
d)
T and U
10.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
11.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
12.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
13.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
14.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
15.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
16.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
17.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
18.
Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
 Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
19.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

20.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

21.

Which letter represents the secondary proteins?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

22.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

23.

How do bacteria sense local population density?

a)

quorum sensing

b)

bacteria sensing

c)

signal sensing

d)

population sensing

24.

The nasty on your teeth in the morning is an example of what?

a)

biofilm

b)

saliva

c)

dry toothpaste residue

d)

bacterial hormomes

25.

Name the two main second messengers.

a)

cAMP

b)

GTP

c)

Calcium ions

d)

ligands

26.

What word means programmed cell death?

a)

apoptosis

b)

mitosis

c)

Ced-9

d)

bleb

27.
In which stage of cell signaling does the ligand bind to its receptor?
a)
Response
b)
Reception
c)
Transduction
28.
Which of the following would be the fate of animal cells that lack receptors for local paracrine signaling molecules?
a)
They would be unable to respond to hormone signals in the bloodstream
b)
They would be unable to grow and divide in response to signals from nearby cells
c)
They would bind to locally secreted growth factors & intracellular pathways would be blocked
d)
They would grow and divide normally
29.
The secretion of a signal molecule by a cell into the local environment, followed by a response by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity is an example of
a)
endocrine signaling
b)
paracrine signaling
c)
synaptic signaling
d)
hormonal signaling
30.
When a neuron cell responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway?
a)
transducer
b)
relay molecule
c)
receptor
d)
signal molecule
31.
Which of the following characteristics is unique to plant hormones?
a)
Plant hormones may be delivered to target cells through the air
b)
Plant hormones may be delivered to target cells through a vascular system
c)
The targets for plant hormones may be located large distances from the cells that produce and secrete hormones
32.

Items 2 & 3 are both _____ _____ produced by the yeast cells.

a)

Mating factors

b)

DNA

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Steroids

33.

When the two yeast cells fuse together in step X, they become what type of cell in Y?

a)

Diploid

b)

haploid

c)

Quadraploid

d)

Spore

34.

Which structure represents the ligand?

a)

Item 1

b)

Item 2

c)

Item 3

d)

Item 4

35.

What is this process called in bacteria?

a)

Replication

b)

Quorum sensing

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

Apoptosis

36.

What part represents the cellular response (production of polysaccharides) in this process?

a)

Item 6

b)

Item 5

c)

Item 4

d)

Item 3

37.

What effect does epinephrine have on the liver?

a)

Causes release of glucose into blood stream

b)

Causes storage of glucose as glycogen

c)

Increases insulin production

d)

Decreases insulin production

38.

If the diagram were about mobilization of glucose from glycogen storing liver cells, then number 8 would be the hormone

a)

Epinephrine

b)

Cholesterol

c)

Glucagon

d)

Insulin

39.

What is the membrane receptor?

a)

Item 1

b)

Item 2

c)

Item 3

d)

Item 9

40.

What is the G protein?

a)

Item 1

b)

Item 2

c)

Item 3

d)

Item 9

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