Author of two pamphlets motivating the colonists to seek independence from Britain and continue fighting during hard times.

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that was published in January of 1776 and used as propaganda to get the colonists to support independence.

1^st to propose at the 2^nd Continental Congress that the colonies should be “free and independent” from Britain.

Author of the Declaration of Independence and believed that governments are created to protect the rights of the people.

Introduction of the Declaration of Independence.

Part 2 that spells out “all men are created equal” and life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Part 3 that spells out the formal complaints against King George and Parliament. How they have violated the colonists rights!

Part 4 of the Declaration of Independence that officially breaks up with Britain and claims separate nation status.

July 4^th, 1776

British general who easily took over and occupied New York City.

Major loss for the Continental Army and for their esteem as well.

Spy for George Washington and the Continental Army during the Battle of Long Island. Legend says, that before he was hanged it said, “My only regret is that have only one life to lose for my country.”

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to motive Washington’s troops to fight on after the tough loss at New York.

Crossed by Washington and his men on Christmas night 1776 to launch a surprise attack on the British

Troops captured at Trenton and Princeton after Washington surprises them.

1^st major victory for the Continental Army and turning point of the American Revolution.

British general who had a plan to cut off the New England colonies from the rest of the colonies, but failed at Saratoga.

A mutual agreement between nations to help each other out (military / financially)

Engineer from Poland that helped the Americans by building forts.

Cavalry expert from Poland who taught American troops how to fight on horseback.

Military expert from Germany that helped train the troops at Valley Forge and get them through a difficult winter

Tough winter of 1777-78 that Washington and his men had to endure. Many soldiers died, were sick, fought, and deserted the army. Lack of food, clothes, and shelter.

Bravely fought on the side of the Patriot army, but many also join the British side because of the promise of freedom.

First colony to pass anti-slavery laws and gradually start to free slaves there.

To join or become a part of. (Continental Army)

People not in the military, but also suffered the hardships of the war as well. (Shortages, casualties, etc.)

While the men were away fighting, women kept the home together. Worked the shops, businesses, and farms their husband was responsible for and “earned” the “respect” and rights they deserved. Many also went to battle with their husbands.

Nickname “Molly Pitcher”. Ran pitchers of water to the men firing the cannons. When her husband was wounded, legend has it that she took her husband’s place firing the cannon alongside of the men.

Disguised herself as a man in order to go fight in the war. Her belief in freedom and independence motived her to take this brave and daring risk.

Money raised to help a government pay for goods and services.

Name of the paper money printed in the colonies to help pay soldiers.

Like African Americans, Native Americans fought on both sides of the war. The British promised them that they would not take their land.

Major outbreak happened during the revolution killing thousands of British, Americans, and Native Americans. George Washington took a big gamble when he experimented with a way to help prevent the spread of it at Valley Forge.

American hero in the West. He attacked and captured British forts along the Mississippi River and in Vincennes (Indiana). His presence in the area allowed colonists to stay and continue to settle in the West.

Spanish governor of the Louisiana territory that gave colonists supplies and also attacked British forts in the South.

Was known as the Father of the American Navy. Famous quote, “I have not yet begun to fight!”

Small civilian ships that the government armed and was permitted to attack British ships. They helped to maneuver around and run the British blockade.

British general in charge of the British forces in the South.

hit and run tactics that was used in the South by Francis Marion and his militia group. Marion got the nickname “Swamp Fox”.

battle in South Carolina where the Continental Army tricked the British by allowing the militia to fire the first shots, retreat, and the Redcoats ran into a trap. Patriot victory.

Continental Army leaders in the South who won strong victories at Cowpens and Kings Mountain, SC

Continental Army leader who was passed over several times for promotions and eventually traded sides to the British and plotted against the Americans.

someone who betrays his/or her country or cause to help the other side.

the fort in New York along the Hudson River Arnold planned to surrender to the British when he traded sides.

the last major battle of the American Revolution where Charles Cornwallis would surrender to George Washington and the Continental Army. Soon after the war would come to an end.

helpful at the Battle of Yorktown by blocking the escape of the British Navy.

American delegates sent to Paris to negotiate a treaty with England bringing an end to the war.

George Washington’s plantation home in Virginia.

served as capital for the country (Continental Congress) during the American Revolution.

was occupied by the British most of the war and would be where many of the prisoners of war were kept in mills or ships. It will be the first capital after the war.

British fort along the Wabash River in Indiana that George Rogers Clark attacks and secures for the Continental Army.

one of Washington’s closest advisors and aide de camp. He was in charge of correspondence (writings /communication) of General Washington. His “Right Hand Man.”

one of Washington’s closest advisors and aide de camp. Good friends with Hamilton and military expert from France.

Friend of Hamilton from South Carolina. Abolitionist and fellow soldier who fought alongside Hamilton.

Friend of Hamilton who works as a tailor’s apprentice and serves as a spy in British occupied New York.

They believed in the cause of liberty and independence.

The colonists knew the land and was able to use that as an advantage.

Alliances with France and Spain gave the Americans supplies and military assistance they were missing at the start.

George Washington’s ability to make informed, bold decisions and wise decisions gave the Americans advantages over the British