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Absolutism & Enlightenment Test Review

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Enlightened thinkers and scientists of the 17th and 18th centuries based their beliefs on what two things?

a)

power and privilege

b)

money and fame

c)

Church and Absolutism

d)

reason and logic

2.

How did the Reformation spark both the Enlightenment and scientific revolution

a)

By legitimizing the supremacy of the Catholic Church

b)

By arguing and challenging tradition and authority

c)

By eliminating Christianity in Europe

d)

By arguing for a return to feudalism

3.

A form of government where one person holds unlimited and complete control of the state without any restrictions on power is

a)

Direct democracy

b)

Absolute monarchy

c)

Representative democracy

d)

Constitutional monarchy

4.

Many European absolute monarchs justified their right to rule based on

a)

Supreme Law

b)

Divine Right

c)

Papal authority (Pope's permission)

d)

Their popularity

5.

The English political philosopher who argued all humans are born with natural rights including life, liberty, and property was

a)

Jean Rousseau

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Voltaire

d)

John Locke

6.

The French political philosopher who believed in separating powers of government into different branches to avoid abuse of power was

a)

Jean Rousseau

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Voltaire

d)

John Locke

7.

Thomas Hobbes supported which form of government?

a)

A republic

b)

A direct democracy

c)

An absolute monarchy

d)

He argued against any form of government. (Anarchy)

8.

Also known as the "Sun King, " this absolute monarch transformed France into a European superpower in the 17th century?

a)

Charles I

b)

Louis XIV

c)

Peter the Great

d)

Napoleon III

9.

The westernization and modernization of Russia came mostly through

a)

Sweden's invasion of Russia

b)

Actions and policies of Peter the Great

c)

The Edict of Nantes

d)

The October Revolution by Vladimir Lenin

10.

Which Enlightenment thinker believed in freedom of speech?

a)

Voltaire

b)

Hobbes

c)

Locke

d)

Wollstonecraft

11.

Why did Hobbes believe in Absolute Monarchies?

a)

He felt Absolute Monarchs would protect the people from foreign invaders.

b)

He believed people were wicked and needed to be controlled by powerful leaders.

c)

He thought democracy did not give citizens enough say in the day to day running of countries.

d)

Hobbes thought people would lose freedoms in a democracy.

12.

This Enlightenment thinker believed that government and society would need to drastically change for equality to be achieved.

a)

Locke

b)

Hobbes

c)

Beccaria

d)

Wollstonecraft

13.

Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s power. England adopted this form of government after the Glorious Revolution.

a)

Absolute Monarchy

b)

Limited Monarchy

c)

Democratic Government

d)

None of the above

14.

The belief that authority to rule comes directly from God

a)

Limited Monarchy

b)

Absolutism

c)

Divine Right

d)

God's Plan

15.

A distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from dominating

a)

Absolutism

b)

Balance of Power

c)

Limited Monarchy

16.

An absolute monarch and King of Spain who advanced Catholic power throughout the world.

a)

Louis XIV

b)

Peter the Great

c)

Catherine the Great

d)

Philip II

17.

The American Revolution and French Revolution were similar in that both

a)

were encouraged by the enlightenment ideas of natural rights

b)

Sought to limit the participation of people in government

c)

Supported the theory of divine right

d)

a. Increased the influence of religious institutions in government

18.

This philosopher separated the government into three branches of government and argued for separation of powers.

a)

Voltaire

b)

Locke

c)

Montesquieu

d)

Adam Smith

19.

The application of science and reason to understanding the world resulted in the 1700s being known for the

a)

New Deal

b)

The Progressive Movement

c)

The Enlightenment

d)

The Age of Exploration

20.

John Locke and Rousseau believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed to protect their natural rights. If the government failed to do this, then the people had the right to

a)

continue to be abused

b)

move to another country

c)

overthrow the government

d)

refuse to vote in the next election

21.

The philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property was

a)

John Locke

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Voltaire

d)

Thomas Idea

22.

. ______________________ is the only system of government in which monarchy is the only source of power

a)

Democracy

b)

Absolutism

c)

Communism

d)

Commonwealth

23.

Enlightened thinkers believed society was governed by

a)

religion

b)

social contract

c)

dictatorial government

24.
Enlightened thinkers based their philosophical beliefs on what two things?
a)
power and privilege
b)
money and fame
c)
good looks and charm
d)
reason and logic
25.
Natural Rights
a)
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.
b)
Life, Liberty, and Property
c)
Freedom
d)
Rights to say what we want, when we want to.
26.
What is another name for the Enlightenment?
a)
The Age of Reason
b)
The Age of Great Philosophers
c)
The Age of Religion
d)
The Age of Revolution
27.

According to Enlightenment thinker John Locke, why are governments created?

a)

God gives monarchs a divine right to rule over their people

b)

People are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler to create order

c)

People set up governments to protect their lives and property

d)

Civil government must be established to offset the power of the church

28.

Select the 3 Philosophers who's ideas CLEARLY are present in our system of Gov't today.....

a)

Locke

b)

Newton

c)

Hobbes

d)

Montesquieu

e)

Rousseau

29.

“God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none… the same power is had by kings;…”


Which idea is described by this passage?

a)

Constitutional Monarchy

b)

Social Darwinism

c)

Democracy

d)

theory of divine right

30.

“The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.”

—Bishop Jacques Bossuet

This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the

a)

pre-historic era

b)

Age of Absolutism (Absolute Rule)

c)

Industrial Revolution

d)

American Revolution

31.

“The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.”

—Bishop Jacques Bossuet


Which person would agree with this statement?

a)

Phillip II

b)

Leonardo Da Vinci

c)

President John F. Kennedy

d)

John Locke

32.

Which of the following qualities existed in Akbar the Great’s Mughal Empire?

a)

Religious tolerance

b)

Promoted trade

c)

Modernized army

d)

All answers are correct

33.

Peter the Great defeated Sweden for the warm water port of the Baltic Sea. Why was this important?

a)

Russia could use the Baltic Sea for trade purposes.

b)

Peter wanted to own the entire world’s water.

c)

He wanted a vacation home.

d)

It would allow him to build the Palace of Versailles.

34.

Which speaker’s statement best reflects the ideas of the Divine Right?

a)

Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation.

b)

The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature.

c)

All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.

d)

Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.

35.

How did Louis XIV maintain absolute rule in France?

a)

He weakened the power of the nobles by forcing them to be his servants.

b)

He had an alliance with Nazi Germany.

c)

He was allies with Martin Luther.

36.

One of Louis XIV’s major accomplishments was

a)

Controlling the Baltic Sea.

b)

Controlling most of India

c)

Building the Palace of Versailles

d)

Building the Buckingham Palace

37.

In English history, the Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689) both reinforced the concept of

a)

universal suffrage.

b)

a limited monarchy.

c)

religious toleration

d)

a laissez-faire economy.

38.
· Leader of Roundheads in English Civil War
· signed execution warrant for the king
· founder of the republic in England
· “Lord Protector of England” All of these describe
a)
Charles I
b)
James I
c)
Cromwell
d)
Charles II
39.
James II conflicts with Parliament
Religious tensions sweep England
William of Orange invades in 1688 All of these events were factors in the cause of the
a)
English Civil War.
b)
Age of Exploration.
c)
Glorious Revolution.
d)
Protestant Reformation.
40.
What was the purpose of the English Bill of Rights?
a)
To reinstate King James II
b)
To weaken the role of Parliament
c)
To establish the British cabinet system
d)
To limit the power of the British monarch
41.
When Mary and William took over the throne in England in 1688 when James II abdicated, why was it called the Glorious Revolution?
a)
Bloodless
b)
Bloody
c)
Violent
d)
Destroyful
42.
What did William and Mary agree to when becoming joint monarchs of the English throne in 1688?
a)
Magna Carta
b)
English Bill of Rights
c)
Constitution
d)
Declaration of Independence
43.

Which statements accurately describe an event during the English Civil War?

a)

The Cavaliers repeatedly defeated the Roundheads and won the Civil War.

b)

King James I was captured, tried, and beheaded.

c)

After executing the king, Parliament established a republic. The period of the republic became known as the Commonwealth.

d)

Oliver Cromwell led the Roundheads into battles and became the Lord Protector after the Civil War.

e)

The English people split into two factions known as Cavaliers (the king's supporters), and Roundheads (Parliament's Puritan supporters).

44.
Who were the two opposing sides in the English Civil War?
a)
Supporters of the king vs. Supporters of Parliament
b)
Supporters of the king vs. the Royalists
c)
The military vs. the Parliament
d)
The Puritans vs. Oliver Cromwell
45.
What British king lost the English Civil War?
a)
King Charles I
b)
King Charles II
c)
King Harry
d)
King Henry IV
46.
The return of Charles II to England, after the death of Oliver Cromwell, meant that the British monarchy had been 
a)
abolished
b)
annexed
c)
restored
d)
reduced
47.
What was the name for William and Mary's bloodless of Britain from King James II is referred to as
a)
The Reformation
b)
The Industrial Revolution
c)
The Restoration
d)
The Glorious Revolution