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WorksheetsAP Psych Midterm Review
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 2hrs 34mins
A moderate positive correlation has been found between a person's weight and hours of television watched per week. Which of the following scatterplots best shows this relationship?
1
2
3
4
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla
pons
What is the function of the hippocampus with in the brain?
The organization of emotional events
To store long term memories and regulate short term memories
to regulate fear and anger
the process of connecting the left and right hemispheres
__________ are retinal receptors that detect black,white, and grey.
cones
rods
optic nerves
foves
Diamond went swimming with friends who did not want to get into the water because it was cold. Diamond jumped in and after a few minutes declared it was cold when she first got in but then her body got used to it. Diamond's body got accustomed to the water due to....
perceptual set
absolute threshold
selective attention
sensory adaptation
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.” Parents are using
positive punishment
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
Which theory of color vision states that the thalmaus will produce afterimages of black-white, red-green, and blue-yellow colors when overly stimulated?
Young-Helmholtz
Place
Parallel Processing
Opponent Processing
Which of the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Biological
An individual with an exceptional memory is identified. She is capable of recalling major events, the weather, and what she did on any given date. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual including questionnaires, brain scans,and memory tests.
Naturalistic Observation
Survey
Interview
Case Study
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
experimental research
correlational research
case study
illusory research
Although located far from the eyes the ______ helps with vision.
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Reticular Formation
This part of the nervous system produces what is known as the "fight or flight" response
parasympathetic
sympathetic
somatic
peripheral
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
cerebral cortex.
cerebellum.
medulla.
hippocampus.
The ______ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.
parietal
frontal
temporal
occipital
Humans with damage to the amygdala show decreased:
fear response.
sex drive.
incidence of depression.
allergies to food.
The left hemisphere of the brain (broca and wernicke) specializes in which of the following?
visual-spatial perception
language
emotional thought and recognition
pattern recognition
The drunken driving suspect was unable to hold his hand out to the side and bring his finger to a stop on his nose because one of the brain structures depressed first by alcohol is the
amygdala
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
cerebellum
After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in:
controlling voluntary muscles
remembering past events
pronouncing words correctly
understanding what others are saying
The sudden realization of a problem's solution is known as
coping
self-control
latent learning
insight
Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long. Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful. After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated. In this scenario, what is the conditioned response (CR)?
tuna
nausea
mayo
sight of any sandwich
Which of the following is an example of negative correlation?
People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less
Teenage females tend to have fewer speeding tickets than teenage males.
Students with low IQ scores tend to have lower grades.
Students'' shoe sizes are not related to their grades.
Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on:
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
the circadian rhythm
seasonal affective disorder
Your friend insists that she rarely has dreams. What is the most likely explanation for this situation?
She probably has dreams every night, but only rarely remembers her dreams
she probably uses barbiturates to help her sleep every night
this is normal; most people never dream
she stays up too late at night and gets up too early in the morning
Your young child wakes up a few nights per month seemingly in a panic. She sits up in bed screaming and crying. You rush in to calm her and to see what is happening. The child usually returns to sleep and doesn't remember this happening at all. What is the best explanation for this behavior?
She may be exhibiting symptoms of early onset epilepsy
She has excessive anxiety during the day
she has too much sugar in her diet
She is probably experiencing night terrors, a fairly common event in early childhood
Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye?
Lens, pupil, cornea, retina
Pupil, cornea, lens, retina
Cornea, retina, pupil, lens
Cornea, pupil, lens, retina
The best way to assure that there is no bias in a study is to have a...
Control group
Random assignment
Confounding variable
Double-blind procedure
Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, however, as soon as she stepped onto the raft she was instantly terrified again.
extinction
generalization
spontaneous recovery
observational learning
When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor’s Chihuahua bit her ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes all other types of dogs. Lindsay’s fear illustrates the process of:
Instinctive drift
Stimulus discrimination
Stimulus generalization
Negative avoidance
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?
Receiving a paycheck every two weeks
Holding regular, but unpredictable, fire drills
Earning a prize for every five books read in the library’s summer reading program
Receiving five additional vacation days for each year of employment at a company
Which scan would give us a view of the brain waves occurring during sleep?
EEG
MRI
PET
CAT
A relatively rare condition that involves irresistible attacks of sleepiness, brief periods of REM, and often muscle paralysis is called:
Cataplexy
Benzodiazepines
Sleep Apnea
Narcolepsy
A drug that slows down body functions, especially in the nervous system (example-alcohol, barbiturates) is a(n)...?
Hallucinogens
Mood-altering drugs
Stimulant
Depressant
Drugs that heighten alertness, arousal, and decrease appetite, including: cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Stimulants
Opiate
Sleep spindles and k-complexes occur during which sleep stage?
stage 1 NREM
stage 2 NREM
stage 3 NREM
REM
A little girl gets to eat dessert because she finished all the food on her plate. This is an example of:
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Chris has failed English class repeatedly and has now stopped trying because he believes the situation is uncontrollable. This is an example of:
learned helplessness.
observational learning.
learned laziness.
behavior modification.
Which of the following sentences best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
sensation is happens in the brain; perception is interpreting the stimuli detected
sensation involves learning and expectations; perception does not
sensation is detecting stimuli; perception is interpreting the stimuli detected
Sensation is strictly a mechanical phenomenon; perception is only a cognitive process
Theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- Red, Green, and Blue
Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
Gate control Theory
Place Theory
Tri Hue Theory
One classic measure of the minimum amount of sound the typical human can detect at least half the time it is present the tick of a watch under quiet conditions at a distance of 20 feet. This is an example of
Assimilation
Absolute Threshold
Gate Control
Just Noticeable Difference
If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates:
parallel processing
accommodation
sensory adaption
Weber's Law
While touring a haunted house, you experience an increased HR, rapid breathing, and sweating. After leaving, you return to normal thanks to your
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
somatic nervous system
What are the 3 stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm, fight, relaxation
Alarm, Control, Exhaustion
Resistance, Alarm, Relaxation
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
During this stage of stress the fight-flight-freeze response occurs, which makes heart rate/breathing increase and pupils dilate.
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities?
cognitive
psychodynamic
social-cultural
biological
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of
childhood memories
unconscious thoughts
healthy growth potentional
punishment and reinforcement
A focus on genetics, chemical imbalances, and brain differences between humans characterizes the
sociocultural approach
humanistic approach
biological approach
behavioral approach
Research question: does the distance a person kicks a soccer ball effect how well they will do on their math test. What is the dependent (measurable) variable?
How far they kick the soccer ball
who the person is
how well they do on the math test
Type of soccer ball.
When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same type of) plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. What type of variable is the fertilizer?
Dependent
Independent
Control
Compound
What would the INDEPENDENT variable be in an experiment testing which types of paper airplane goes furthest?
the paper used
the type of paper airplane
the distance of each plane's flight
how hard the plane is thrown
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?
Type of plant
Water, apple juice, milk
Plant growth
Color of the plant's leaves
This is an example of
What part of the brain regulates the sleep/wake cycles.
Hypothalamus
thalamus
pons
cerebrum
During an action potential, what direction does the electrical signal travel through the neuron?
From dendrites, down the Axon, and out Axon terminals
From Axon terminals, down the Axon, & out of the dendrites
Any direction up or down the cell
From the Axon, to the Dendrites, and out the Axon terminals
What does the neuron's Myelin Sheath do?
Controls the actions of the neuron
Produces food for the neuron
Carries information from the cell body to other neurons
Surrounds, insulates, and makes smooth message transmission in the axon.
What do Dendrites do?
Intakes information from other neurons
Produces fatty tissue for the Myelin Sheath
Sends information to the next cell
Controls the speed of electrical signal through the axon
What do Axon Terminals do?
Intakes information from other neurons
Produces fatty tissue for the Myelin Sheath
Sends information to the next cell
Controls the speed of electrical signal through the axon
If someone is able to understand speech, but has an impaired ability to produce speech, they most likely have an injury in their...?
Basal Ganglia
Wernicke's Area
Broca's Area
Substantia Nigra
What is the brief electrical charge that travels down an axon called?
action potential
resting potential
all or none impulse
myelination response
refractory period
The peripheral nervous system
connects the brain to the spinal cord
calms the body after an emergency
is limited to the control of voluntary movement
controls only the arms and the legs
is the part of the nervous system that does not include the brain and the spinal cord
Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between...
primary and secondary drives
instinctive and derived drives
appetitive and aversive motivation
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
positive and negative reinforcement
A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a
species is called a(n)
homeostatis.
drive.
instinct.
incentive.
For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce
a drive.
an instinct.
an incentive.
homeostasis.
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, test performance is typically ________ when
physiological arousal is ________.
best; moderate
worst; moderate
best; very low
best; very high
Which of the following is an aroused motivational state created by a physiological need?
drive.
reflex.
incentive.
instinct.
Although Bill was seated next to his friend, he was able to smell the burning popcorn a full minute earlier than his friend. Bill must have a lower _________ for smell.
accommodation level
absolute threshold
tolerance level
gustatory saturation level
adaptation level
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behavior?
Cognitive
Behavioral
Humanistic
Biological
Which of the following is an example of observational learning?
An athlete improves performance through practice
A teenager learns to drive by watching their parents
A student memorizes a poem by reading it aloud
A child learns to walk by trying repeatedly
How do antagonists affect receptor activity?
They activate receptors
They block receptors
They enhance receptor sensitivity
They degrade receptors
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the regulation of mood and is often referred to as the brain's natural painkiller?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
GABA
What is the primary function of GABA in the central nervous system?
To enhance memory formation
To inhibit neuronal activity
To increase heart rate
To excite neurons
Acetylcholine is crucial for which of the following functions?
Regulating sleep cycles
Facilitating muscle contraction
Modulating pain perception
Controlling appetite
Which imaging technique is most commonly used to assess brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?
X-ray
fMRI
PET Scan
CAT Scan
What is the primary difference between a CAT scan and a PET scan?
CAT scans use X-rays, while PET scans use radioactive tracers
CAT scans are used for soft tissue, while PET scans are used for bones
CAT scans are faster than PET scans
CAT scans are more expensive than PET scans
Which of the following principles is most important to ensure the ethical treatment of participants in psychological research?
Replication
Confidentiality
Random Sampling
Deception
Informed consent in psychological research primarily ensures that participants:
are paid for their participation
are guaranteed positive outcomes
understand the nature and purpose of the research
can withdraw at any time without penalty
Which ethical guideline is violated if a researcher fails to debrief participants after a study involving deception?
Respect for Persons
Integrity
Justice
Beneficence
What is the primary purpose of conducting a meta-analysis in research?
To explore new research questions
To combine results from multiple studies to identify overall trends
To develop theoretical frameworks
To conduct a single, large-scale experiment
What is a common challenge associated with longitudinal studies?
High participant dropout rates over time
Lack of detailed data collection
Difficulty in obtaining initial funding
Inability to measure changes over time
What is the primary purpose of random sampling in research studies?
To control for confounding variables
To increase the reliability of the results
To select a representative subset of the population
To ensure each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group
How does random sampling differ from random assignment?
Random sampling is used to select participants, while random assignment is used to assign them to groups
Random sampling ensures equal group sizes, while random assignment ensures equal group characteristics
Random sampling is a method of data collection, while random assignment is a method of data analysis
Random sampling and random assignment are the same process
How can researchers enhance the external validity of their study?
By using a double-blind procedure
By increasing the sample size
By using random assignment
By ensuring the study setting is similar to real-world conditions
Which of the following is an example of a negatively skewed distribution?
Height distribution of adult males
Age distribution in a retirement community
Test scores where most students scored very high
Income distribution in a wealthy neighborhood
Which of the following is a characteristic of a positively skewed distribution?
The distribution is perfectly symmetrical
The distribution has no tails
The tail on the right side is longer
The tail on the left side is longer
What does a bimodal distribution indicate in a dataset?
Three peaks or modes
One peak or mode
No peaks or modes
Two peaks or modes
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in a bimodal distribution?
Heights of adult men and women combined
Daily temperatures in a city
Annual rainfall in a region
Test scores of a single class
Quantitative research is most likely to use which of the following methods?
Surveys with closed-ended questions
Case studies
Interviews
Focus groups
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?
Numerical data
Subjective interpretation by researcher
Large sample sizes
Structured data collection
What is the primary function of the hammer, anvil, and stirrup in the ear?
To produce sound waves
To detect sound frequencies
To filter out background noise
To amplify sound vibrations
What is the primary function of the fovea in the human eye?
To provide sharp central vision
To produce tears
To detect peripheral vision
To regulate the amount of light entering the eye
Which type of photoreceptor cells are most densely packed in the fovea?
Cones
Rods
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
What does the activation-synthesis theory suggest about the nature of dreams?
Dreams are a reflection of our deepest desires.
Dreams are random neural activity that the brain tries to make sense of.
Dreams are messages from the subconscious mind.
Dreams are a way to process daily experiences.
According to the cognitive theory of dreams, what is the primary purpose of dreaming?
To communicate with the spiritual world
To predict future events
To process and organize information from daily experiences
To fulfill unconscious desires
What is the primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the human brain?
Controlling circadian rhythms
Processing visual information
Managing hunger and thirst
Regulating body temperature
How does LASIK surgery differ from cataract surgery in terms of procedure?
LASIK involves replacing the eye's lens, while cataract surgery reshapes the cornea.
LASIK reshapes the cornea, while cataract surgery involves replacing the eye's lens.
Both surgeries involve reshaping the cornea.
Both surgeries involve replacing the eye's lens.
What is the primary function of selective attention in cognitive processing?
To filter out irrelevant information
To increase sensory input
To enhance memory retention
To improve emotional regulation
Which of the following is a characteristic of REM sleep?
Muscle tension
Decreased breathing rate
Increased heart rate
Slow brain waves
In Pavlov's experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus?
The dog
The food
The bell
The salivation
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'extinction' in Pavlov's experiment?
The dog stops responding to the bell after the food is no longer presented
The dog salivates more when the bell is rung
The dog learns a new trick
The dog becomes more aggressive
Self-determination theory suggests that motivation is highest when individuals feel:
Controlled by external rewards
Disconnected from others
Autonomous and competent
Pressured to perform
Which of the following best describes cognitive appraisal in the context of stress?
The emotional response to a perceived threat
The behavioral reaction to a stressful event
The evaluation of a situation to determine its significance
The physiological response to a stressor
What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest about the relationship between facial expressions and emotions?
Emotions are solely responsible for facial expressions.
Facial expressions and emotions are unrelated.
Facial expressions have no impact on emotions.
Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.
Who is most likely to exhibit the 'tend and befriend' response according to research?
Elderly individuals in a community setting.
Children in a safe environment.
Women under high stress.
Men under high stress.
How can identifying one's signature strengths contribute to personal development?
By enhancing self-awareness and confidence
By ignoring personal values
By focusing on weaknesses
By reducing social interactions
Which of the following is considered a primary emotional elicitor?
Thirst
Fatigue
Fear
Hunger
In motivational conflicts theory, what type of conflict involves a decision between a positive and a negative outcome?
Approach-avoidance conflict
Double approach-avoidance conflict
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Approach-approach conflict
Which of the following best describes the function of mirror neurons?
They fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe the same action performed by another.
They transmit visual information from the retina to the brain.
They are responsible for processing auditory stimuli.
They regulate the body's circadian rhythm.
