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AP Topics 1.1-1.3 - Nature/Nurture, Nervous System, and Neurons

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The "master gland" that controls or influences all of the other endocrine glands is the:
a)
adrenal gland.
b)
pituitary gland.
c)
thyroid gland.
d)
pineal gland.
2.
The part of the brain that controls life-sustaining functions, such as heartbeat, breathing, and swallowing, is the:
a)
cerebral cortex.
b)
cerebellum.
c)
medulla.
d)
hippocampus.
3.
The venom of a black widow spider is an example of a(n) __________, which mimics or enhances the effects of neurotransmitters.
a)
beta blocker
b)
antagonist
c)
endorphin
d)
agonist
4.
A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both:
a)
provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain.
b)
produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures.
c)
create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function.
d)
provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions.
5.
Xzasia has been suffering from severe bouts of depression for the past several years. Her doctor suggests that some medications designed to impact a specific neurotransmitter might be helpful for her. Which neurotransmitter would be the most likely target of this medication?
a)
GABA
b)
Dopamine
c)
Serotonin
d)
Acetylcholine
6.
Young Keith was in a very bad accident, where specific parts of his brain were damaged. His neurologists noted that over the course of the next several months, other parts of his brain began to compensate for these deficits, and he was not as impaired as they had expected. Keith’s case demonstrates the concept of _______________.
a)
neuroadaptivity
b)
neuroplasticity
c)
neurogenesis
d)
pruning
7.
When people are walking, raising their hands in class or smelling a flower, they are using the:
a)
central nervous system
b)
somatic nervous system
c)
autonomic nervous system
d)
sympathetic nervous system 
8.
Which sense is the only one that is NOT processed through the thalamus?
a)
taste
b)
hearing
c)
touch
d)
smell
9.
The job of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to:
a)
stabilize emotions such as happiness and sadness.
b)
get the body ready to deal with stress.
c)
control voluntary muscles.
d)
react to the activity of the parasympathetic division.
10.
The saclike structures that are found at the end of a neuron's axon and that contain neurotransmitters are called:
a)
synaptic vesicles.
b)
axon terminals.
c)
synaptic knobs.
d)
receptor sites.
11.
When a neuron is at rest, the ions inside the cell are mostly _______ and the ions outside the cell are mostly _______.
a)
positively charged; negatively charged
b)
negatively charged; positively charged
c)
small; large
d)
large; small
12.
When the action potential gets to the end of the axon:
a)
the cell does not return to its resting state.
b)
the message is received by the brain.
c)
the message gets transmitted to another cell.
d)
the cell becomes negative inside and positive outside.
13.
The brain is primarily comprised of two different kinds of cells. They are neurons and:
a)
glial cells
b)
myelin
c)
synapses
d)
dendrites
14.
The ______ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.
a)
parietal
b)
frontal
c)
temporal
d)
occipital
15.
Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body are the 
a)

sensory neurons

b)

motor neurons

c)
interneurons
d)

glial neurons

16.
When a neuron receives a stimulus that is very strong, the result is that:
a)
the neuron fires in an all-or-none fashion.
b)
the neuron fires at a greater strength.
c)
fewer neurons fire at the same time.
d)
the neuron cannot fire back.
17.
A molecule of neurotransmitter is to a _______ as a key is to a keyhole.
a)
receptor site
b)
synapse
c)
synaptic vesicle
d)
dendrite
18.
The peripheral nervous system is made up of:
a)
the brain and the spinal cord.
b)
all the nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord.
c)
the central, somatic, and autonomic nervous systems.
d)
the parietal lobes and the frontal lobes.
19.
Melatonin and thyroxin are examples of:
a)
neurotransmitters
b)
glands
c)
hormones
d)
endorphins
20.
Humans with damage to the amygdala show decreased:
a)
fear response.
b)
sex drive.
c)
incidence of depression.
d)
allergies to food.
21.
The left hemisphere of the brain specializes in which of the following?
a)
visual-spatial perception
b)
language
c)
emotional thought and recognition
d)
pattern recognition
22.
Researchers have found that nicotine, one of the main substances in cigarettes, indirectly releases dopamine, which produces a “feel good” sensation in people who smoke. Based on this finding, nicotine would be an example of a/n _________.
a)
inhibitory neurotransmitter
b)
antagonist
c)
agonist
d)
excitatory synapses
23.
When a person is hurt, ________ is/are released.
a)
hormones
b)
endorphins
c)
antagonists
d)
dopamine
24.
Cassie's mother suffered a stroke. Since then, she sometimes says strange things, such as, "I need to go to the store to buy some canaries," when she means to say that she needs groceries. Cassie's mother seems to be suffering from:
a)
nonspecific aphasia.
b)
language degenerative disease.
c)
Broca’s aphasia.
d)
Wernicke’s aphasia.
25.
The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called 
a)
evolutionary psychology.
b)
behavior genetics.
c)
phrenology.
d)
eugenics. 
26.

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

a)

Causes Alzheimers

b)

Enables faster transmission speed of the action potential

c)

Insulates the dendrites, protecting it from outside threats

d)

Causes Multiple Sclerosis

27.

Which is the name of the mandatory rest period after a neuron has fired an action potential?

a)

Threshold

b)

Emission Rate

c)

Sodium-Potassium Pump

d)

Refractory Period

28.

What is the name of the tiny gap across which neurotransmitters are fired when traveling to another neuron?

a)

Myelin

b)

Reuptake

c)

Synapse

d)

Axon terminals

29.

Which type of molecule binds to a neuron's receptor site and blocks the effect of that neurotransmitter

a)

Agonist

b)

Hormone

c)

Antagonist

d)

Action Potential

30.

The deterioration of ACh (assists with muscle action, learning and memory) is associated with which disease?

a)

Multiple Sclerosis

b)

Schizophrenia

c)

Lung Cancer

d)

Alzheimers

31.

When you put your hand near a hot surface, what is the series of neural communication that takes place?

a)

Sensory Neuron, then Interneuron, then Motor Neuron

b)

Interneuron, then Motor Neuron, then sensory neuron

c)

Sensory Neuron, then Motor Neuron, then interneuron

d)

Motor Neuron, Interneuron, Sensory Neuron

32.

Information received through the sense of touch travels up the spine towards the brain. Which brain component receives that signal at the top of the brain stem and routes it to its appropriate region for processing

a)

Prefrontal Cortex

b)

Motor Cortex

c)

Amygdala

d)

Thalamus

33.

Which brain component has been identified as a "reward center" in both mice and humans?

a)

Brocas Area

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Amygdala

d)

Hippocampus

34.

Damage to this lobe of the brain would impair vision due to potentially disrupting the Visual Cortex.

a)

Temporal Lobe

b)

Frontal Lobe

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Parietal Lobe

35.

Damage to this lobe of the brain may alter personality, inhibit judgement abilities, and impair one's ability to plan for the future

a)

Parietal

b)

Frontal

c)

Occipital

d)

Temporal

36.

Which is the brain's ability to repair itself after suffering trauma?

a)

Plasticity

b)

Reuptake

c)

Nerve Repair

d)

Wernicke's area

37.
Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?
a)
medulla
b)
hippocampus
c)
thalamus
d)
hypothalamus
38.
Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?
a)
parietal
b)
temporal
c)
occipital
d)
frontal
39.
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the
a)
medulla.
b)
corpus callosum.
c)
angular gyrus.
d)
limbic system.
40.
Heritability refers to the extent to which
a)
trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
b)
unrelated individuals share common genes.
c)
nurture controls a trait rather than nature.
d)
adult personality is determined by infant personality.
41.
What was the Sperry and Gazzaniga experiment based on ?
a)
Acetylcholine's affect on memory
b)
More experience = More Brain
c)
Frontal Lobe affects personality
d)
Split-Brain experiment
42.
What is the Temporal lobe in charge of ?
a)
Movement / motor skills
b)
Personality and emotion
c)
Visual perception
d)
Hearing
43.
What is the Hypothalamus ?
a)
Controls heart and lungs
b)
"Reward Center" ; Sleep, sex drive, and etc.
c)
Memory
d)
Fear and anger
44.
The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as
a)
interneurons.
b)
Broca's area.
c)
frontal lobes.
d)
association areas.
45.
When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing (“It's a bird!”) but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call
a)
brain plasticity.
b)
selective attention.
c)
serial processing.
d)
dual processing.
46.
Reward centers trigger the release of what neurotransmitter?
a)
Acetycholine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
Norepinephrine
47.
Shows brain activity when radioactively tagged glucose rushes to active neurons.
a)
MRI
b)
EEG
c)
fMRI
d)
PET
48.
Creates more detailed computerized images using a magnetic field & pulses of radio waves.
a)
MRI
b)
fMRI
c)
CAT
49.
Controls posture, equilibrium and movement
a)
cerebrum
b)
medulla
c)
cerebellum
50.

John is constantly overeating and cant seem to control his appetite, no matter how hard he tries. It is possible that John may have damage in which of the following brain structures?

a)

Thalamus

b)

Pons

c)

Hypothalamus

d)

Amygdala

e)

Cerebrum

51.

The part of the brain that seems to be responsible for receiving sensory information from the environment is called the ______

a)

motor cortex

b)

somatosensory cortex

c)

sensory memory

d)

receptive field

e)

limbic system

52.

Paul Broca found that the loss of the ability to speak intelligibly is associated with damage to a region of the brain in the

a)

thalamus

b)

right parietal lobe

c)

right occipital lobe

d)

left temporal lobe

e)

left frontal lobe

53.

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

a)

hippocampus

b)

hypothalamus

c)

medulla

d)

reticular formation

e)

cerebellum

54.

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

a)

nodes of Ranvier

b)

myelin sheath

c)

terminal buttons

d)

soma

e)

axon

55.

Mr. Jenkins’ suffered a “stroke” as a result of a brain injury. Although he can still move the fingers on this right hand, he has lost sensation in these parts. Of the following, the site of damage to his brain is most likely in the

a)

right frontal lobe

b)

right temporal lobe

c)

left frontal lobe

d)

left parietal lobe

e)

hypothalamus

56.

Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to

a)

aphasia

b)

Alzheimer's disease

c)

Parkinson's disease

d)

bipolar disorder

e)

amnesia

57.

Damage to the Broca’s area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following?

a)

A repetition of the speech of others

b)

A loss of ability to speak

c)

A loss of the ability to comprehend speech

d)

A loss of in the ability to comprehend speech

e)

An inability to solve verbal problems

58.

In the neuron, the main function for the dendrites is to

a)

release neurotransmitters to signal subsequent neurons

b)

preserve the speed and integrity of the neural signals as it propagates down the axon

c)

perform the metabolic reactions necessary to nourish and maintain the nerve cell

d)

receive input from other neurons

e)

connect the cell body to the axon

59.

Veronica is having trouble balancing as she walks, and her muscles see, to have lost strength and tone. A neuroanatomist looking into her condition would most likely suspect a problem with the?

a)

medulla

b)

right cerebral hemisphere

c)

cerebellum

d)

occipital lobes

e)

thalamus

60.

While running a marathon, Emily experienced an increase in the body’s natural painkiller. Which of the following chemicals has been associated with the alleviation of pain?

a)

serotonin

b)

GABA

c)

melatonin

d)

endorphins

e)

acetylcholine

61.
Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection leads to the development of characteristics most suited to the survival and reproduction of a species.
His theory has most influenced which branch of Psychology? 
a)
Humanism
b)
Evolutionary psychology. 
c)
Cognitive psychology. 
d)
Behaviorism.
62.

If a researcher seeks to understand the neurotransmitters that cause specific emotions and behaviors, which approach to psychology are they most likely practicing?

a)

Biological

b)

Psychoanalysis

c)

Humanistic

d)

Cognitive

63.
After Mr. Jones suffered a stroke, a section on the left side of his brain was severely damaged. Now, Mr. Jones lost the ability to speak fluently.
This change in his verbal skills can be best be explained using which approach?
a)
Behaviorist 
b)
Evolutionary
c)
Cognitive
d)
Biological 

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