Mendel's law of independent assortment states that

Imagine that we mate two black Labrador dogs with normal vision and find that three of the puppies are like the parents, but one puppy is chocolate with normal vision and another is black with PRA (progressive retinal atrophy, a serious disease of vision). We can conclude that

Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes?

A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be ________ transmit the genetic disorder to offspring.

Imagine that beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of which have a pale, ivory-orange beak. This pattern of color expression is most likely to be an example of

A colorblind woman marries a man who is not colorblind. All of their sons, but none of their daughters, are colorblind. Which of the following statements correctly explains these results?

Sex-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because

In giraffes, long necks (N), long legs (L), dark spots (D), and the ability to digest plants (P) are all dominant traits. What possible genotype could a long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, plants-digesting giraffe have?

In some cats, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown (B) and a striped fur pattern (S) is dominant over a marbled fur pattern (s). You rescued a black striped cat from an animal shelter but could not determine its exact genotype. To do so, you mated the cat with a brown marbled cat. The mating produced 3 brown marbled, 2 brown striped, 2 black marbled, and 3 black striped. Immediately, you concluded the genotype of your rescued cat was

Justin has type A blood and his wife Brittany has type B blood. Justin's parents both have type AB blood, and Brittany's parents also both have type AB blood. What are the chances that Justin and Brittany's son Theodore has type A blood?

Which plants in this figure must all be heterozygous?

According to this figure, heterozygotes for this form of hypercholesterolemia suffer from the disease because they

A man and his wife are having trouble having a baby. Using modern technologies, the woman's eggs are removed, fertilized with her husband's sperm, and implanted into her uterus. The procedure is successful, and the woman gives birth to a healthy baby boy. After a while, though, they discover that their son is colorblind and has blood type O. The woman claims that the child can't be theirs since she has blood type A and her husband has type B. Also, neither parent is colorblind, although one grandparent (the woman's father) is also colorblind.

As a genetic counselor, you would explain to the parents that

How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?

A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes, one for head shape (H) and one for tail length (T). Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?

Plants with at least one allele D have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. Two heterozygotes are allowed to reproduce and the possible offspring genotypes are diagrammed here. Which of the boxes correspond to plants with dark leaves?

Albinism is an autosomal (not sex-linked) recessive trait. A man and woman are both of normal pigmentation and have one child out of three who is albino (without melanin pigmentation). What are the genotypes of the albino's parents?

A black guinea pig crossed with an albino guinea pig produced twelve black offspring. When the albino was crossed with a second black animal, six blacks and six albinos were obtained. What is the best explanation for this genetic situation?

Jeanine inherited 2 alleles for round eye shape and has round eye shape. Her brother inherited 1 allele for round eye shape and 1 allele for almond eye shape and has almond eye shape. What type of trait is round eye shape?

Horses born to 2 palomino (golden-coated) horses have a 25% chance of having a white coat, a 25% chance of having a chestnut (brown) coat, and a 50% chance of having a palomino coat. Which description of inheritance best explains the coat-color trait in these horses?

Keisha passes a local dairy farm that has many brown cows, but only a few white cows. A dominant adelle produces brown hair in cows and a recessive adelle produces white hair. Which characteristic of any brown cow can Keisha identify for certain?

This pedigree shows 3 generations of a family and the family’s incidences of color blindness, a sex- linked, recessive trait. Which pair of females must have the same genotype?

All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ________ to the allele for white flowers.

Mendel's most important experiments were with

All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is _____________ to the allele for white flowers.

In humans, pigmented skin is dominant to nonpigmented skin (albinism). What is the genotype of an individual with albinism?

In humans, re-green color blindness is a chromosomal recessive sex-linked disorder. The alleles are represented here:

X = X chromosome

Y = Y chromosome

B = allele for normal color vision

b = allele for color blindness

Which child could NOT be born to these parents:

X^BX^b and X^BY

Two black guinea pigs bred and produced 3 black offspring and 1 albino offspring. Assuming no mutations, which guinea pigs must be heterozygous?

Using the pedigree chart determine the possible genotype(s) for individual 1 in the diagram.