words that take the place of a noun or itself

words that express an action or state of being

give information about the nouns and pronouns they modify; they tell what kind?, how many?, and which one?

Give information about the verbs, adjectives, and adverbs they modify; they tell when?, where?, how?, and to what extent? (often in -ly)

correct another word in a sentence to a noun or pronoun( and its modifiers, in any) to form a phrase.

join words or groups of words

join words or groups of words that are equal in importance, used with a comma to join two independent clauses.

are always used in pairs with both words working together to balance words, phases, or clauses.

Connects adverb clauses (dependent clauses) to main (independent) clauses

Express mild or strong emotion

always begins with a preposition and ends with an object(noun or pronoun)

a noun or pronoun that identifies or explains the noun or pronoun that precedes it; phrase is made up of itself and its modifiers.

A verb form that acts as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun (present participle always end in -ing; past participles usually end in -d or -ed); phrase made up of a participle and all its modifiers

a verb form that acts as a noun(always ends in -ing); phrase is made up of itself and all its modifiers.

a verb form that is almost always preceded by the word "to"; can act as a noun, adjective, or an adverb; phrase is made up of itself and all its modifiers.