Powerful organizations that influenced city and county politics in the late 1800's

Was the name given to New York Cities political machine

Political leaders who controlled elections through bribery and payoffs

Democrat, elected president in 1884 and 1892, hired and fired government workers based on their merit not their party loyalty

Established a merit system controlled by the Civil Service Commission. It now affects 90% of all government jobs.

People who believed that improving public education would cure socials ills such as crime, disease and poverty. They are from the "middle class"

Journalists who "raked up" and exposed muck, or filth, from society

Wrote many muckraking articles for McClure's Magazine

Americans to vote directly for U.S. senators

Gives voters the ability to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition supporting that law.

Permits voters to approve or reject a law that has already been proposed or passed by local or state governments.

A program of reforms to reduce the influence of political machines

Made it illegal to build poorly lit and airless tenements and they need better ventilation and running water.

One Social Reform was

Supporter of early childhood education, helped children learn critical thinking skills

Led the progressive crusade against child labor

Spoke out on labor issues involving women and children

146 workers died in the fire before firefighters could get it under control. 500 immigrant women worked at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company when they tried to escape they found the exits were locked.

Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict the rights of employees and workers to enter into any type of labor agreement that they wished.

Upheld laws limiting women's work hours

One of the strongest labor unions, provided skilled workers better working conditions and better pay.

System in which the government or the workers own and operate a nation's means of production.

Worked to bring all laborers together into one large industrial union that would try to overthrow capitalism.

Women's Clubs: often provided places for women to meet and discuss social and political issues.

Outlawed manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the US

Women's rights activist who helped found the National American Suffrage Association.

Founded the National Women's Party

Gave women in the US the right to vote. In 1920

Argued that African Americans should focus their efforts on improving their own education and economic well-being

Journalist whose articles drew attention to the lynching of black men in the south

Worked to inform white Americans about racial inequality and attacked racial discrimination through the court system

Was created to assist those living on reservations.

Severely limited the growth of the Chinese population in the US

From 1901-1930 more than 740,000 legal Mexican immigrants came to the US to work in agriculture.

What does suffrage mean?